Metabolome dynamics of diapause in the butterfly Pieris napi: Distinguishing maintenance, termination and post-diapause phases
Journal article, 2018

Diapause is a deep resting stage facilitating temporal avoidance of unfavourable environmental conditions, and is used by many insects to adapt their life cycle to seasonal variation. Although considerable work has been invested in trying to understand each of the major diapause stages (induction, maintenance and termination), we know very little about the transitions between stages, especially diapause termination. Understanding diapause termination is crucial for modelling and predicting spring emergence and winter physiology of insects, including many pest insects. In order to gain these insights, we investigated metabolome dynamics across diapause development in pupae of the butterfly Pieris napi, which exhibits adaptive latitudinal variation in the length of endogenous diapause that is uniquely well characterized. By employing a time-series experiment, we show that the whole-body metabolome is highly dynamic throughout diapause and differs between pupae kept at a diapause-terminating (low) temperature and those kept at a diapause-maintaining (high) temperature. We show major physiological transitions through diapause, separate temperature-dependent from temperature-independent processes and identify significant patterns of metabolite accumulation and degradation. Together, the data show that although the general diapause phenotype (suppressed metabolism, increased cold tolerance) is established in a temperature-independent fashion, diapause termination is temperature dependent and requires a cold signal. This revealed several metabolites that are only accumulated under diapause-terminating conditions and degraded in a temperatureunrelated fashion during diapause termination. In conclusion, our findings indicate that some metabolites, in addition to functioning as cryoprotectants, for example, are candidates for having regulatory roles as metabolic clocks or time-keepers during diapause.

Developmental plasticity

Cryoprotectant

Phenology

Biological clock

Stress

Hypometabolism

Author

Philipp Lehmann

Stockholm University

Peter Pruisscher

Stockholm University

Vladimir Kostal

Czech Academy of Sciences

Martin Moos

Czech Academy of Sciences

Petr Simek

Czech Academy of Sciences

Soren Nylin

Stockholm University

Rasmus Ågren

Chalmers, Biology and Biological Engineering

CSBI

Leif Wigge

Chalmers, Biology and Biological Engineering

CSBI

Christian Wiklund

Stockholm University

Christopher W. Wheat

Stockholm University

Karl Gotthard

Stockholm University

Journal of Experimental Biology

0022-0949 (ISSN) 1477-9145 (eISSN)

Vol. 221 2

Subject Categories

Other Engineering and Technologies not elsewhere specified

Physical Geography

Climate Research

DOI

10.1242/jeb.169508

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7/5/2024 1