The Event Horizon General Relativistic Magnetohydrodynamic Code Comparison Project
Journal article, 2019
Recent developments in compact object astrophysics, especially the discovery of merging neutron stars by LIGO, the imaging of the black hole in M87 by the Event Horizon Telescope, and high- precision astrometry of the Galactic Center at close to the event horizon scale by the GRAVITY experiment motivate the development of numerical source models that solve the equations of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD). Here we compare GRMHD solutions for the evolution of a magnetized accretion flow where turbulence is promoted by the magnetorotational instability from a set of nine GRMHD codes: Athena++, BHAC, Cosmos++, ECHO, H-AMR, iharm3D, HARM-Noble, IllinoisGRMHD, and KORAL. Agreement among the codes improves as resolution increases, as measured by a consistently applied, specially developed set of code performance metrics. We conclude that the community of GRMHD codes is mature, capable, and consistent on these test problems.
magnetohydrodynamics (MHD)
black hole physics
methods: numerical
relativistic processes
magnetic fields
Author
Oliver Porth
Goethe University Frankfurt
University of Amsterdam
Koushik Chatterjee
University of Amsterdam
Ramesh Narayan
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Harvard University
Charles F. Gammie
University of Illinois
Yosuke Mizuno
Goethe University Frankfurt
Peter Anninos
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
John G. Baker
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
University of Maryland
Matteo Bugli
Paris Diderot University
Chi-kwan Chan
University of Arizona
Jordy Davelaar
Radboud University
Luca Del Zanna
University of Florence
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Zachariah B. Etienne
West Virginia University
P. Chris Fragile
College of Charleston
Bernard J. Kelly
University of Maryland
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Matthew Liska
University of Amsterdam
Sera Markoff
University of Amsterdam
Jonathan C. McKinney
H2O.ai
Bhupendra Mishra
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
University of Colorado at Boulder
Scott C. Noble
University of Tulsa
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Hector Olivares
Goethe University Frankfurt
Ben Prather
University of Illinois
Luciano Rezzolla
Goethe University Frankfurt
Benjamin R. Ryan
Los Alamos National Laboratory
James M. Stone
Princeton University
Niccolo Tomei
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
University of Florence
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Christopher J. White
University of California at Santa Barbara
Ziri Younsi
University College London (UCL)
Goethe University Frankfurt
Kazunori Akiyama
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Harvard University
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Antxon Alberdi
Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
Walter Alef
Max Planck Society
Keiichi Asada
Academia Sinica
Rebecca Azulay
Max Planck Society
Universitat de Valencia
Anne-Kathrin Baczko
Max Planck Society
David Ball
University of Arizona
Mislav Balokovic
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
John Barrett
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Dan Bintley
East Asian Observatory
Lindy Blackburn
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Wilfred Boland
Nederlandse Onderzoekschool voor Astronomie (NOVA)
Katherine L. Bouman
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Geoffrey C. Bower
Academia Sinica
Michael Bremer
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Christiaan D. Brinkerink
Radboud University
Roger Brissenden
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Harvard University
Silke Britzen
Max Planck Society
Avery E. Broderick
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
University of Waterloo
Dominique Broguiere
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Thomas Bronzwaer
Radboud University
Do-Young Byun
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
University of Science and Technology (UST)
John E. Carlstrom
University of Chicago
Andrew Chael
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Shami Chatterjee
Cornell University
Ming-Tang Chen
Academia Sinica
Yongjun Chen
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Ilje Cho
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
University of Science and Technology (UST)
Pierre Christian
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
University of Arizona
John Conway
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Onsala Space Observatory
James M. Cordes
Cornell University
Geoffrey B. Crew
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Yuzhu Cui
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Mariafelicia De Laurentis
National Institute for Nuclear Physics
Goethe University Frankfurt
University of Naples Federico II
Roger Deane
University of Pretoria
Rhodes University
Jessica Dempsey
East Asian Observatory
Gregory Desvignes
Max Planck Society
Sheperd S. Doeleman
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Harvard University
Ralph P. Eatough
Max Planck Society
Heino Falcke
Radboud University
Vincent L. Fish
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Ed Fomalont
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Raquel Fraga-Encinas
Radboud University
Bill Freeman
Google Inc.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Per Friberg
East Asian Observatory
Christian M. Fromm
Goethe University Frankfurt
Jose L. Gomez
Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
Peter Galison
Harvard University
Roberto Garcia
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Olivier Gentaz
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Boris Georgiev
University of Waterloo
Ciriaco Goddi
Radboud University
Leiden University
Roman Gold
Goethe University Frankfurt
Minfeng Gu
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Mark Gurwell
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Kazuhiro Hada
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Michael H. Hecht
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Ronald Hesper
University of Groningen
Luis C. Ho
Beijing University of Technology
Paul Ho
Academia Sinica
Mareki Honma
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)
Chih-Wei L. Huang
Academia Sinica
Lei Huang
Chinese Academy of Sciences
David H. Hughes
National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics
Shiro Ikeda
University of Tokyo
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)
The Institute of Statistical Mathematics
Makoto Inoue
Academia Sinica
Sara Issaoun
Radboud University
David J. James
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Buell T. Jannuzi
University of Arizona
Michael Janssen
Radboud University
Britton Jeter
University of Waterloo
Wu Jiang
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Michael D. Johnson
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Svetlana Jorstad
Boston University
Saint Petersburg State University - Spsu
Taehyun Jung
University of Science and Technology (UST)
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Mansour Karami
University of Waterloo
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Ramesh Karuppusamy
Max Planck Society
Tomohisa Kawashima
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Garrett K. Keating
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Mark Kettenis
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
Jae-Young Kim
Max Planck Society
Junhan Kim
University of Arizona
Jongsoo Kim
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Motoki Kino
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Kogakuin University of Technology and Engineering
Jun Yi Koay
Academia Sinica
M. Koch Patrick
Academia Sinica
Shoko Koyama
Academia Sinica
Michael Kramer
Max Planck Society
Carsten Kramer
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Thomas P. Krichbaum
Max Planck Society
Cheng-Yu Kuo
National Sun Yat-Sen University
Tod R. Lauer
National Optical Astronomy Observatory
Sang-Sung Lee
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Yan-Rong Li
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Zhiyuan Li
Nanjing University
Michael Lindqvist
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Onsala Space Observatory
Kuo Liu
Max Planck Society
Elisabetta Liuzzo
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Wen-Ping Lo
Academia Sinica
National Taiwan University
Andrei P. Lobanov
Max Planck Society
Laurent Loinard
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Colin Lonsdale
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Ru-Sen Lu
Max Planck Society
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Nicholas R. MacDonald
Max Planck Society
Jirong Mao
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Daniel P. Marrone
University of Arizona
Alan P. Marscher
Boston University
Ivan Marti-Vidal
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Onsala Space Observatory
Yebes Observatory
Satoki Matsushita
Academia Sinica
Lynn D. Matthews
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Lia Medeiros
University of Arizona
University of California at Santa Barbara
Karl M. Menten
Max Planck Society
Izumi Mizuno
East Asian Observatory
James M. Moran
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Kotaro Moriyama
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Monika Moscibrodzka
Radboud University
Cornelia Mueller
Max Planck Society
Radboud University
Hiroshi Nagai
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)
Neil M. Nagar
University of Concepcion
Masanori Nakamura
Academia Sinica
Gopal Narayanan
University of Massachusetts
Iniyan Natarajan
Rhodes University
Roberto Neri
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Chunchong Ni
University of Waterloo
Aristeidis Noutsos
Max Planck Society
Hiroki Okino
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
University of Tokyo
Tomoaki Oyama
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Feryal Ozel
University of Arizona
Daniel C. M. Palumbo
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Harvard University
Nimesh Patel
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Ue-Li Pen
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
University of Toronto
Dominic W. Pesce
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Harvard University
Vincent Pietu
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Richard Plambeck
University of California at Berkeley
Aleksandar PopStefanija
University of Massachusetts
Jorge A. Preciado-Lopez
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Dimitrios Psaltis
University of Arizona
Hung-Yi Pu
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Venkatessh Ramakrishnan
University of Concepcion
Ramprasad Rao
Academia Sinica
Mark G. Rawlings
East Asian Observatory
Alexander W. Raymond
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Bart Ripperda
Goethe University Frankfurt
Freek Roelofs
Radboud University
Alan Rogers
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Eduardo Ros
Max Planck Society
Mel Rose
University of Arizona
Arash Roshanineshat
University of Arizona
Helge Rottmann
Max Planck Society
Alan L. Roy
Max Planck Society
Chet Ruszczyk
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Kazi L. J. Rygl
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Salvador Sanchez
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
David Sanchez-Arguelles
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas
National Institute of Astrophysics, Optics and Electronics
Mahito Sasada
Hiroshima University
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Tuomas Savolainen
Max Planck Society
Aalto University
F. Peter Schloerb
University of Massachusetts
Karl-Friedrich Schuster
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Lijing Shao
Beijing University of Technology
Max Planck Society
Zhiqiang Shen
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Des Small
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
Bong Won Sohn
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Yonsei University
University of Science and Technology (UST)
Jason SooHoo
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Fumie Tazaki
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Paul Tiede
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
University of Waterloo
Remo P. J. Tilanus
Radboud University
Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO)
Leiden University
Michael Titus
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Kenji Toma
Tohoku University
Pablo Torne
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Max Planck Society
Tyler Trent
University of Arizona
Sascha Trippe
Seoul National University
Shuichiro Tsuda
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Ilse van Bemmel
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
Huib Jan van Langevelde
Leiden University
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
Daniel R. van Rossum
Radboud University
Jan Wagner
Max Planck Society
John Wardle
Brandeis University
Jonathan Weintroub
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Norbert Wex
Max Planck Society
Robert Wharton
Max Planck Society
Maciek Wielgus
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Harvard University
George N. Wong
University of Illinois
Qingwen Wu
Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Ken Young
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Andre Young
Radboud University
Feng Yuan
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Ye-Fei Yuan
University of Science and Technology of China
J. Anton Zensus
Max Planck Society
Guangyao Zhao
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Shan-Shan Zhao
Nanjing University
Radboud University
Ziyan Zhu
Harvard University
Astrophysical Journal, Supplement Series
0067-0049 (ISSN) 1538-4365 (eISSN)
Vol. 243 2 26Subject Categories
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
DOI
10.3847/1538-4365/ab29fd