Seeds of Life in Space (SOLIS) VI. Chemical evolution of sulfuretted species along the outflows driven by the low-mass protostellar binary NGC1333-IRAS4A
Journal article, 2020
Context. Low-mass protostars drive powerful molecular outflows that can be observed with millimetre and submillimetre telescopes. Various sulfuretted species are known to be bright in shocks and could be used to infer the physical and chemical conditions throughout the observed outflows. Aims. The evolution of sulfur chemistry is studied along the outflows driven by the NGC1333-IRAS4A protobinary system located in the Perseus cloud to constrain the physical and chemical processes at work in shocks.
Methods. We observed various transitions from OCS, CS, SO, and SO2 towards NGC1333-IRAS4A in the 1.3, 2, and 3mm bands using the IRAM NOrthern Extended Millimeter Array and we interpreted the observations through the use of the Paris-Durham shock model.
Results. The targeted species clearly show different spatial emission along the two outflows driven by IRAS4A. OCS is brighter on small and large scales along the south outflow driven by IRAS4A1, whereas SO2 is detected rather along the outflow driven by IRAS4A2 that is extended along the north east-south west direction. SO is detected at extremely high radial velocity up to +25 km s 1 relative to the source velocity, clearly allowing us to distinguish the two outflows on small scales. Column density ratio maps estimated from a rotational diagram analysis allowed us to confirm a clear gradient of the OCS/SO2 column density ratio between the IRAS4A1 and IRAS4A2 outflows. Analysis assuming non Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium of four SO2 transitions towards several SiO emission peaks suggests that the observed gas should be associated with densities higher than 105 cm 3 and relatively warm (T > 100 K) temperatures in most cases.
Conclusions. The observed chemical differentiation between the two outflows of the IRAS4A system could be explained by a different chemical history. The outflow driven by IRAS4A1 is likely younger and more enriched in species initially formed in interstellar ices, such as OCS, and recently sputtered into the shock gas. In contrast, the longer and likely older outflow triggered by IRAS4A2 is more enriched in species that have a gas phase origin, such as SO2.
ISM: molecules
astrochemistry
stars: formation
ISM: individual objects: NGC1333-IRAS4A
ISM: jets and outflows
ISM: abundances
Author
V Taquet
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
C. Codella
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Grenoble Alpes University
M. De Simone
Grenoble Alpes University
A. Lopez-Sepulcre
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Grenoble Alpes University
J. E. Pineda
Max Planck Society
D. Segura-Cox
Max Planck Society
C. Ceccarelli
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Grenoble Alpes University
P. Caselli
Max Planck Society
A. Gusdorf
Paris Descartes University
Sorbonne University
Magnus V. Persson
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics
F. Alves
Max Planck Society
E. Caux
University of Toulouse
C. Favre
Grenoble Alpes University
F. Fontani
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
R. Neri
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Y. Oya
University of Tokyo
N. Sakai
RIKEN
C. Vastel
University of Toulouse
S. Yamamoto
University of Tokyo
R. Bachiller
Yebes Observatory
N. Balucani
UNIPG - Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology
Grenoble Alpes University
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
E. Bianchi
Grenoble Alpes University
L. Bizzocchi
Max Planck Society
A. Chacon-Tanarro
Yebes Observatory
F. Dulieu
Pierre and Marie Curie University (UPMC)
J. Enrique-Romero
Grenoble Alpes University
S. Feng
Chinese Academy of Sciences
National Astronomical Observatory China
J. Holdship
University College London (UCL)
B. Lefloch
Grenoble Alpes University
A. Jaber Al-Edhari
Grenoble Alpes University
Al-Muthanna University
I Jimenez-Serra
Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
C. Kahane
Grenoble Alpes University
V Lattanzi
Max Planck Society
J. Ospina-Zamudio
Grenoble Alpes University
L. Podio
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
A. Punanova
Ural Federal University
A. Rimola
Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona (UAB)
I. R. Sims
University of Rennes 1
S. Spezzano
Max Planck Society
L. Testi
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
European Southern Observatory (ESO)
P. Theule
Aix Marseille University
P. Ugliengo
University of Turin
Vasyunin
Ural Federal University
Ventspils University of Applied Sciences
F. Vazart
Grenoble Alpes University
S. Viti
University College London (UCL)
A. Witzel
Grenoble Alpes University
Astronomy and Astrophysics
0004-6361 (ISSN) 1432-0746 (eISSN)
Vol. 637 A63Subject Categories
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics
Geophysics
DOI
10.1051/0004-6361/201937072