Exocomets: A spectroscopic survey
Journal article, 2020

Context. While exoplanets are now routinely detected, the detection of small bodies in extrasolar systems remains challenging. Since the discovery of sporadic events, which are interpreted to be exocomets (falling evaporating bodies) around β Pic in the early 1980s, only ∼20 stars have been reported to host exocomet-like events. Aims. We aim to expand the sample of known exocomet-host stars, as well as to monitor the hot-gas environment around stars with previously known exocometary activity. Methods. We have obtained high-resolution optical spectra of a heterogeneous sample of 117 main-sequence stars in the spectral type range from B8 to G8. The data were collected in 14 observing campaigns over the course of two years from both hemispheres. We analysed the Ca » II K&H and Na » I D lines in order to search for non-photospheric absorptions that originated in the circumstellar environment and for variable events that could be caused by the outgassing of exocomet-like bodies. Results. We detected non-photospheric absorptions towards 50% of the sample, thus attributing a circumstellar origin to half of the detections (i.e. 26% of the sample). Hot circumstellar gas was detected in the metallic lines inspected via narrow stable absorptions and/or variable blue- and red-shifted absorption events. Such variable events were found in 18 stars in the Ca » II and/or Na » I lines; six of them are reported in the context of this work for the first time. In some cases, the variations we report in the Ca » II K line are similar to those observed in β Pic. While we do not find a significant trend in the age or location of the stars, we do find that the probability of finding CS gas in stars with larger v sin i is higher. We also find a weak trend with the presence of near-infrared excess and with anomalous (λ Boo-like) abundances, but this would require confirmation by expanding the sample.

ISM: clouds

Kuiper belt: general

Stars: general

Comets: general

Author

I. Rebollido

Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)

C. Eiroa

Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)

Calar Alto Astronomical Observatory

B. Montesinos

European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC)

J. Maldonado

Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)

E. Villaver

Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)

O. Absil

University of Liège

A. Bayo

University of Valparaíso

H. Canovas

European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC)

A. Carmona

Paul Sabatier University

C. H. Chen

Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI)

S. Ertel

University of Arizona

T. Henning

Max Planck Society

D. P. Iglesias

University of Valparaíso

R. Launhardt

Max Planck Society

René Liseau

Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics

G. Meeus

Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)

A. Moór

Hungarian Academy of Sciences

Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)

A. Mora

European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC)

J. Olofsson

University of Valparaíso

G. Rauw

University of Liège

P. Riviere-Marichalar

Spanish National Observatory (OAN)

Astronomy and Astrophysics

0004-6361 (ISSN) 1432-0746 (eISSN)

Vol. 639 A11

Subject Categories

Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology

Atom and Molecular Physics and Optics

Geology

DOI

10.1051/0004-6361/201936071

More information

Latest update

9/3/2020 1