The Hi-GAL compact source catalogue - II. The 360° catalogue of clump physical properties
Journal article, 2021
We present the 360° catalogue of physical properties of Hi-GAL compact sources, detected between 70 and 500 $\mu$m. This release not only completes the analogous catalogue previously produced by the Hi-GAL collaboration for -71° 2 á 2 67°, but also meaningfully improves it because of a new set of heliocentric distances, 120 808 in total. About a third of the 150 223 entries are located in the newly added portion of the Galactic plane. A first classification based on detection at 70 $\mu$m as a signature of ongoing star-forming activity distinguishes between protostellar sources (23 per cent of the total) and starless sources, with the latter further classified as gravitationally bound (pre-stellar) or unbound. The integral of the spectral energy distribution, including ancillary photometry from λ = 21 to 1100 $\mu$m, gives the source luminosity and other bolometric quantities, while a modified blackbody fitted to data for $\lambda \ge 160∼\mu$m yields mass and temperature. All tabulated clump properties are then derived using photometry and heliocentric distance, where possible. Statistics of these quantities are discussed with respect to both source Galactic location and evolutionary stage. No strong differences in the distributions of evolutionary indicators are found between the inner and outer Galaxy. However, masses and densities in the inner Galaxy are on average significantly larger, resulting in a higher number of clumps that are candidates to host massive star formation. Median behaviour of distance-independent parameters tracing source evolutionary status is examined as a function of the Galactocentric radius, showing no clear evidence of correlation with spiral arm positions.
Stars: formation
dust, extinction
ISM: clouds
local interstellar matter
infrared: ISM
submillimeter: ISM
Author
Davide Elia
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
M. Merello
University of Chile (UCH)
S. Molinari
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
E. Schisano
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
A. Zavagno
Institut Universitaire de France
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
D. Russeil
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
P. Mège
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
P. G. Martin
Canadian Institute for Theoretical Astrophysics
L. Olmi
Arcetri Astrophysical Observatory
Michele Pestalozzi
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
R. Plume
University of Calgary
S. E. Ragan
Cardiff University
M. Benedettini
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
D. J. Eden
Liverpool John Moores University
T. J.T. Moore
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
A. Noriega-Crespo
Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI)
R. Paladini
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
P. Palmeirim
University of Porto
Stefano Pezzuto
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
G.L. Pilbratt
European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA ESTEC)
Kazi L.J. Rygl
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
P. Schilke
University of Cologne
F. Strafella
University of Salento
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Jonathan Tan
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics
University of Virginia
A. Traficante
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
A. Baldeschi
Northwestern University
J. Bally
University of Colorado at Boulder
A. M.D. Giorgio
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
E. Fiorellino
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Sapienza University of Rome
Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
S. J. Liu
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
L. Piazzo
Sapienza University of Rome
D. Polychroni
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
0035-8711 (ISSN) 1365-2966 (eISSN)
Vol. 504 2 2742-2766Subject Categories (SSIF 2011)
Subatomic Physics
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
Other Chemistry Topics
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stab1038