2021 roadmap for sodium-ion batteries
Journal article, 2021
Increasing concerns regarding the sustainability of lithium sources, due to their limited availability and consequent expected price increase, have raised awareness of the importance of developing alternative energy-storage candidates that can sustain the ever-growing energy demand. Furthermore, limitations on the availability of the transition metals used in the manufacturing of cathode materials, together with questionable mining practices, are driving development towards more sustainable elements. Given the uniformly high abundance and cost-effectiveness of sodium, as well as its very suitable redox potential (close to that of lithium), sodium-ion battery technology offers tremendous potential to be a counterpart to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in different application scenarios, such as stationary energy storage and low-cost vehicles. This potential is reflected by the major investments that are being made by industry in a wide variety of markets and in diverse material combinations. Despite the associated advantages of being a drop-in replacement for LIBs, there are remarkable differences in the physicochemical properties between sodium and lithium that give rise to different behaviours, for example, different coordination preferences in compounds, desolvation energies, or solubility of the solid-electrolyte interphase inorganic salt components. This demands a more detailed study of the underlying physical and chemical processes occurring in sodium-ion batteries and allows great scope for groundbreaking advances in the field, from lab-scale to scale-up. This roadmap provides an extensive review by experts in academia and industry of the current state of the art in 2021 and the different research directions and strategies currently underway to improve the performance of sodium-ion batteries. The aim is to provide an opinion with respect to the current challenges and opportunities, from the fundamental properties to the practical applications of this technology.
anodes
electrolytes
cathodes
sodium ion
energy materials
batteries
Author
Nuria Tapia-Ruiz
Lancaster University
Faraday Institution
A. Robert Armstrong
Faraday Institution
University of St Andrews
Hande Alptekin
Imperial College London
Marco A. Amores
Faraday Institution
University of Sheffield
Heather Au
Imperial College London
Jerry Barker
Farad
Rebecca Boston
University of Sheffield
Faraday Institution
William R. Brant
Uppsala University
Jake M. Brittain
University of Oxford
Yue Chen
Lancaster University
Faraday Institution
Manish Chhowalla
Faraday Institution
University of Cambridge
Yong-Seok Choi
Faraday Institution
University College London (UCL)
Sara I. R. Costa
Lancaster University
Faraday Institution
Maria Crespo Ribadeneyra
Imperial College London
Serena A. Cussen
University of Sheffield
Faraday Institution
Edmund J. Cussen
Faraday Institution
University of Sheffield
Desai
University of St Andrews
Faraday Institution
Stewart A. M. Dickson
Faraday Institution
University of St Andrews
Eweka
Amte Power
Juan D. Forero-Saboya
Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
Clare P. Grey
Faraday Institution
University of Cambridge
John M. Griffin
Faraday Institution
Lancaster University
Peter Gross
Faraday Institution
Xiao Hua
University of St Andrews
Faraday Institution
J. T. S. Irvine
Faraday Institution
Patrik Johansson
Chalmers, Physics, Materials Physics
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
Martin O. Jones
Faraday Institution
Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Martin Karlsmo
Chalmers, Physics, Materials Physics
Emma Kendrick
University of Birmingham
Eunjeong Kim
Faraday Institution
University of St Andrews
Kolosov
Lancaster University
Faraday Institution
Zhuangnan Li
Faraday Institution
Stijn F. L. Mertens
Lancaster University
Faraday Institution
Ronnie Mogensen
Uppsala University
Laure Monconduit
University of Montpellier
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
Russell E. Morris
University of St Andrews
Charles University
Andrew J. Naylor
Uppsala University
Shahin Nikman
Faraday Institution
Christopher A. O'Keefe
University of Cambridge
Faraday Institution
Darren M. C. Ould
University of Cambridge
Faraday Institution
R. G. Palgrave
Faraday Institution
Philippe Poizot
Nantes University
Alexandre Ponrouch
Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
Emily M. Reynolds
Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)
Faraday Institution
Ashish Rudola
Farad
Ruth Sayers
Farad
David O. Scanlon
Faraday Institution
Diamond Light Source
S. Sen
Faraday Institution
Valerie R. Seymour
Lancaster University
Faraday Institution
Begona Silvan
Faraday Institution
Moulay Tahar Sougrati
University of Montpellier
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
Lorenzo Stievano
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
Grant S. Stone
Amte Power
Thomas
University of Sheffield
Faraday Institution
Maria-Magdalena Titirici
Imperial College London
Jincheng Tong
Faraday Institution
Dominic S. Wright
University of Cambridge
Faraday Institution
Reza Younesi
Uppsala University
JPhys Energy
2515-7655 (eISSN)
Vol. 3 3 031503Subject Categories (SSIF 2011)
Other Environmental Engineering
Other Chemical Engineering
Energy Systems
DOI
10.1088/2515-7655/ac01ef