Doping Approaches for Organic Semiconductors
Review article, 2022

Electronic doping in organic materials has remained an elusive concept for several decades. It drew considerable attention in the early days in the quest for organic materials with high electrical conductivity, paving the way for the pioneering work on pristine organic semiconductors (OSCs) and their eventual use in a plethora of applications. Despite this early trend, however, recent strides in the field of organic electronics have been made hand in hand with the development and use of dopants to the point that are now ubiquitous. Here, we give an overview of all important advances in the area of doping of organic semiconductors and their applications. We first review the relevant literature with particular focus on the physical processes involved, discussing established mechanisms but also newly proposed theories. We then continue with a comprehensive summary of the most widely studied dopants to date, placing particular emphasis on the chemical strategies toward the synthesis of molecules with improved functionality. The processing routes toward doped organic films and the important doping-processing-nanostructure relationships, are also discussed. We conclude the review by highlighting how doping can enhance the operating characteristics of various organic devices.

Author

Alberto D. Scaccabarozzi

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)

Aniruddha Basu

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)

Filip Aniés

Imperial College London

Jian Liu

Chalmers, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry

Osnat Zapata-Arteaga

Institute of Material Science of Barcelona (ICMAB)

Ross Warren

Humboldt University of Berlin

Yuliar Firdaus

Research Center for Population - Indonesian Institute of Sciences

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)

Mohamad Insan Nugraha

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)

Y. B. Lin

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)

M. Campoy-Quiles

Institute of Material Science of Barcelona (ICMAB)

Norbert Koch

Helmholtz

Humboldt University of Berlin

Christian Müller

Chalmers, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Applied Chemistry

Leonidas Tsetseris

National Technical University of Athens (NTUA)

Martin Heeney

Imperial College London

Thomas D. Anthopoulos

King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)

Chemical Reviews

0009-2665 (ISSN) 1520-6890 (eISSN)

Vol. 122 4 4420-4492

Double Doping of Semiconducting Polymers

Swedish Research Council (VR) (2018-03824), 2018-01-01 -- 2021-12-31.

Subject Categories

Other Engineering and Technologies not elsewhere specified

Materials Chemistry

Condensed Matter Physics

DOI

10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00581

PubMed

34793134

More information

Latest update

4/5/2022 5