The APEX Large CO Heterodyne Orion Legacy Survey (ALCOHOLS): I. Survey overview
Journal article, 2022
Context. The Orion molecular cloud complex harbours the nearest Giant Molecular Clouds (GMCs) and the nearest site of high-mass star formation. Its young star and protostar populations are thoroughly characterized. The region is therefore a prime target for the study of star formation.
Aims. Here, we verify the performance of the SuperCAM 64 pixel heterodyne array on the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX). We give a descriptive overview of a set of wide-field CO(32) spectral line cubes obtained towards the Orion GMC complex, aimed at characterizing the dynamics and structure of the extended molecular gas in diverse regions of the clouds, ranging from very active sites of clustered star formation in Orion B to comparatively quiet regions in southern Orion A. In a future publication, we will characterize the full population of protostellar outflows and their feedback over an entire GMC.
Methods. We present a 2.7 square degree (130 pc2) mapping survey in the 12CO(32) transition, obtained using SuperCAM on APEX at an angular resolution of 19 (7600 AU or 0.037 pc at a distance of 400 pc), covering the main sites of star formation in the Orion B cloud (L 1622, NGC 2071, NGC 2068, Ori B9, NGC 2024, and NGC 2023), and a large patch in the southern part of the L 1641 cloud in Orion A.
Results. We describe CO integrated line emission and line moment maps and position-velocity diagrams for all survey fields and discuss a few sub-regions in some detail. Evidence for expanding bubbles is seen with lines splitting into double components, often in areas of optical nebulosities, most prominently in the NGC 2024 H II region, where we argue that the bulk of the molecular gas is in the foreground of the H II region. High CO(32)/CO(10) line ratios reveal warm CO along the western edge of the Orion B cloud in the NGC 2023 & NGC 2024 region facing the IC 434 H II region. We see multiple, well separated radial velocity cloud components towards several fields and propose that L 1641-S consists of a sequence of clouds at increasingly larger distances. We find a small, seemingly spherical cloud, which we term Cow Nebula globule, north of NGC 2071. We confirm that we can trace high velocity line wings out to the extremely high velocity regime in protostellar molecular outflows for the NGC 2071-IR outflow and the NGC 2024 CO jet, and identify the protostellar dust core FIR4 (rather than FIR5) as the true driving source of the NGC 2024 monopolar outflow.
Aims. Here, we verify the performance of the SuperCAM 64 pixel heterodyne array on the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment (APEX). We give a descriptive overview of a set of wide-field CO(32) spectral line cubes obtained towards the Orion GMC complex, aimed at characterizing the dynamics and structure of the extended molecular gas in diverse regions of the clouds, ranging from very active sites of clustered star formation in Orion B to comparatively quiet regions in southern Orion A. In a future publication, we will characterize the full population of protostellar outflows and their feedback over an entire GMC.
Methods. We present a 2.7 square degree (130 pc2) mapping survey in the 12CO(32) transition, obtained using SuperCAM on APEX at an angular resolution of 19 (7600 AU or 0.037 pc at a distance of 400 pc), covering the main sites of star formation in the Orion B cloud (L 1622, NGC 2071, NGC 2068, Ori B9, NGC 2024, and NGC 2023), and a large patch in the southern part of the L 1641 cloud in Orion A.
Results. We describe CO integrated line emission and line moment maps and position-velocity diagrams for all survey fields and discuss a few sub-regions in some detail. Evidence for expanding bubbles is seen with lines splitting into double components, often in areas of optical nebulosities, most prominently in the NGC 2024 H II region, where we argue that the bulk of the molecular gas is in the foreground of the H II region. High CO(32)/CO(10) line ratios reveal warm CO along the western edge of the Orion B cloud in the NGC 2023 & NGC 2024 region facing the IC 434 H II region. We see multiple, well separated radial velocity cloud components towards several fields and propose that L 1641-S consists of a sequence of clouds at increasingly larger distances. We find a small, seemingly spherical cloud, which we term Cow Nebula globule, north of NGC 2071. We confirm that we can trace high velocity line wings out to the extremely high velocity regime in protostellar molecular outflows for the NGC 2071-IR outflow and the NGC 2024 CO jet, and identify the protostellar dust core FIR4 (rather than FIR5) as the true driving source of the NGC 2024 monopolar outflow.
ISM: structure
ISM: jets and outflows
Submillimeter: ISM
ISM: kinematics and dynamics
ISM: clouds
ISM: bubbles
Author
T. Stanke
European Southern Observatory (ESO)
Héctor G. Arce
Yale University
J. Bally
University of Colorado at Boulder
Per Bergman
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Onsala Space Observatory
J. Carpenter
Atacama Large Millimeter-submillimeter Array (ALMA)
C. J. Davis
National Science Foundation
W. R. F. Dent
Atacama Large Millimeter-submillimeter Array (ALMA)
J. Di Francesco
University of Victoria
National Research Council Canada
J. Eisloffel
Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg
D. Froebrich
University Of Kent
A. Ginsburg
University of Florida
M. Heyer
University of Massachusetts
D. Johnstone
National Research Council Canada
University of Victoria
Diego Mardones
University of Chile (UCH)
M. J. McCaughrean
European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA ESTEC)
S. Thomas Megeath
University of Toledo
F. Nakamura
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
M. D. Smith
University Of Kent
A. Stutz
University of Concepcion
Ken'ichi Tatematsu
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Christopher K. Walker
University of Arizona
J. P. Williams
University of Hawaii
H. Zinnecker
Autonomous University of Chile
B. J. Swift
University of Arizona
Craig Kulesa
University of Arizona
B. Peters
University of Arizona
B. Duffy
University of Arizona
J. Kloosterman
University of Southern Indiana
U. A. Yildiz
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
J. L. Pineda
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology
C. De Breuck
European Southern Observatory (ESO)
Th Klein
European Southern Observatory Santiago
Astronomy and Astrophysics
0004-6361 (ISSN) 1432-0746 (eISSN)
Vol. 658 A178Subject Categories
Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
Economic Geography
DOI
10.1051/0004-6361/201937034