A pair of sub-Neptunes transiting the bright K-dwarf TOI-1064 characterized with CHEOPS
Journal article, 2022
We report the discovery and characterization of a pair of sub-Neptunes transiting the bright K-dwarf TOI-1064 (TIC 79748331), initially detected in the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) photometry. To characterize the system, we performed and retrieved the CHaracterising ExOPlanets Satellite (CHEOPS), TESS, and ground-based photometry, the High Accuracy Radial velocity Planet Searcher (HARPS) high-resolution spectroscopy, and Gemini speckle imaging. We characterize the host star and determine T-eff,T-* = 4734 +/- 67 K, R-* = 0.726 +/- 0.007 R-circle dot, and M-* = 0.748 +/- 0.032 M-circle dot. We present a novel detrending method based on point spread function shape-change modelling and demonstrate its suitability to correct flux variations in CHEOPS data. We confirm the planetary nature of both bodies and find that TOI-1064 b has an orbital period of P-b = 6.44387 +/- 0.00003 d, a radius of R-b = 2.59 +/- 0.04 R-circle plus, and a mass of M-b = 13.5(-1.8)(+1.7) M-circle plus, whilst TOI-1064 c has an orbital period of P-c = 12.22657(-0.0)(0004)(+0.00005) d, a radius of R-c = 2.65 +/- 0.04 R-circle plus, and a 3 sigma upper mass limit of 8.5 M-circle plus. From the high-precision photometry we obtain radius uncertainties of similar to 1.6 per cent, allowing us to conduct internal structure and atmospheric escape modelling. TOI-1064 b is one of the densest, well-characterized sub-Neptunes, with a tenuous atmosphere that can be explained by the loss of a primordial envelope following migration through the protoplanetary disc. It is likely that TOI-1064 c has an extended atmosphere due to the tentative low density, however further radial velocities are needed to confirm this scenario and the similar radii, different masses nature of this system. The high-precision data and modelling of TOI-1064 b are important for planets in this region of mass-radius space, and it allow us to identify a trend in bulk density-stellar metallicity for massive sub-Neptunes that may hint at the formation of this population of planets.
techniques: radial velocities
planets and satellites: detection
stars: individual: TOI-1064 (TIC 79748331, Gaia EDR3 6683371847364921088)
planets and satellites: composition
planets and satellites: interiors
techniques: photometric
Author
T.G. Wilson
University of St Andrews
Elisa Goffo
University of Turin
Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg
Yann Alibert
University of Bern
D. Gandolfi
University of Turin
Andrea Bonfanti
Austrian Academy of Sciences
Carina Persson
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics
A. Collier Cameron
University of St Andrews
Malcolm Fridlund
Leiden University
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics
Luca Fossati
Austrian Academy of Sciences
Judith Korth
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics
Willy Benz
University of Bern
Adrien Deline
University of Geneva
Hans-Gustav Floren
Stockholm University
Pascal Guterman
Aix Marseille University
Institut National des Sciences de l'Univers
Vardan Adibekyan
University of Porto
Matthew J. Hooton
University of Bern
Sergio Hoyer
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
Adrien Leleu
University of Bern
University of Geneva
Alexander James Mustill
Lund University
Sebastien Salmon
University of Geneva
Sergio G. Sousa
University of Porto
Olga Suarez
Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur
Lyu Abe
Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur
Abdelkrim Agabi
Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur
Roi Alonso
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
University of La Laguna
Guillem Anglada
Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC)
Joel Asquier
European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA ESTEC)
Tamas Barczy
Admatis
David Barrado Navascues
Spanish Astrobiology Center (INTA-CSIC)
Susana C. C. Barros
University of Porto
Wolfgang Baumjohann
Austrian Academy of Sciences
Mathias Beck
University of Geneva
Thomas Beck
University of Bern
Nicolas Billot
University of Geneva
Xavier Bonfils
Grenoble Alpes University
Alexis Brandeker
Stockholm University
Christopher Broeg
University of Bern
Edward M. Bryant
The University of Warwick
Matthew R. Burleigh
University Of Leicester
J. Cabrera
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
Sebastien Charnoz
Paris Descartes University
David R. Ciardi
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Ryan Cloutier
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
William D. Cochran
The University of Texas at Austin
Karen A. Collins
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Knicole D. Colon
NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Nicolas Crouzet
European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA ESTEC)
Szilard Csizmadia
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
Melvyn B. Davies
Lund University
Magali Deleuil
Aix Marseille University
Laetitia Delrez
University of Liège
Olivier Demangeon
University of Porto
Brice-Olivier Demory
University of Bern
Diana Dragomir
University of New Mexico
Georgina Dransfield
University of Birmingham
David Ehrenreich
University of Geneva
Anders Erikson
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
Andrea Fortier
University of Bern
Tianjun Gan
Tsinghua University
Samuel Gill
The University of Warwick
Michael Gillon
University of Liège
Crystal L. Gnilka
NASA Ames Research Center
Nolan Grieves
University of Geneva
Sascha Grziwa
University of Cologne
Manuel Gudel
University of Vienna
Tristan Guillot
Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur
Jonas Haldemann
University of Bern
Kevin Heng
The University of Warwick
University of Bern
Keith Horne
University of St Andrews
Steve B. Howell
NASA Ames Research Center
Kate G. Isaak
European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA ESTEC)
Jon M. Jenkins
NASA Ames Research Center
Eric L. N. Jensen
Swarthmore College
Laszlo Kiss
Hungarian Academy of Sciences
Gaia Lacedelli
University of Padua
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Kristine Lam
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
Jacques Laskar
Sorbonne University
David W. Latham
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Alain Lecavelier des Etangs
Sorbonne University
Monika Lendl
University of Geneva
Lester
NASA Ames Research Center
Alan M. Levine
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
John Livingston
University of Tokyo
Christophe Lovis
University of Geneva
Rafael Luque
Institute of Astrophysics of Andalusia (IAA)
Demetrio Magrin
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Pierre F. L. Maxted
Keele University
Andrew W. Mayo
University of California
Brian McLean
Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI)
Marko Mecina
University of Vienna
Djamel Mekarnia
Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur
Valerio Nascimbeni
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Louise D. Nielsen
University of Oxford
Goran Olofsson
Stockholm University
Hugh P. Osborn
University of Bern
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Hannah L. M. Osborne
University College London (UCL)
Roland Ottensamer
University of Vienna
Isabella Pagano
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Enric Palle
University of La Laguna
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Gisbert Peter
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
Giampaolo Piotto
University of Padua
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Don Pollacco
The University of Warwick
Didier Queloz
University of Cambridge
University of Geneva
Roberto Ragazzoni
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
University of Padua
Nicola Rando
European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA ESTEC)
Heike Rauer
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
Freie Universität Berlin
Technische Universität Berlin
Seth Redfield
Wesleyan University
Ignasi Ribas
Institute of Space Studies of Catalonia (IEEC)
Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
George R. Ricker
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Martin Rieder
University of Bern
Nuno C. Santos
University of Porto
Gaetano Scandariato
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Francois-Xavier Schmider
Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur
Richard P. Schwarz
Patashnick Voorheesville Observatory
Nicholas J. Scott
NASA Ames Research Center
Sara Seager
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Damien Segransan
University of Geneva
Luisa Maria Serrano
University of Turin
Attila E. Simon
University of Bern
Alexis M. S. Smith
German Aerospace Center (DLR)
Manfred Steller
Austrian Academy of Sciences
Chris Stockdale
Hazelwood Observatory
Gyula Szabo
Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)
Nicolas Thomas
University of Bern
Eric B. Ting
NASA Ames Research Center
Amaury H. M. J. Triaud
University of Birmingham
Stephane Udry
University of Geneva
Vincent Van Eylen
University College London (UCL)
Valerie Van Grootel
University of Liège
Roland K. Vanderspek
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Valentina Viotto
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Nicholas Walton
University of Cambridge
Joshua N. Winn
Princeton University
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
0035-8711 (ISSN) 1365-2966 (eISSN)
Vol. 511 1 1043-1071Subject Categories
Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology
DOI
10.1093/mnras/stab3799