User experiences with flexible offices
Doctoral thesis, 2022
Different office types provide the preconditions for distinct user experiences. However, research evidence on how users appraise flexible offices such as activity-based or combi offices is not as abundant as in the case of the more traditional open-plan and cell offices. Furthermore, the available literature shows discrepant results between flexible offices. The main difference between traditional and flexible offices is that the design of the latter is intended for users to switch between different shared spaces and workstations oriented to support different activities, needs and preferences. This office design may offer new opportunities and challenges for users as their experiences at work may be influenced by design qualities (or constellations of them) that are not present in traditional offices. I study the experiences of users with flexible offices because I want to understand the influences that the design qualities of office artefacts and spaces have on such experiences, as well as their design implications. In addition, I utilise the acquired knowledge to explore design opportunities for positive user experiences with flexible offices. In this regard, the research angle adopted builds on a UX theoretical background and a practical approach with multiple user studies in real office environments.
The findings show that user experiences with flexible offices are influenced by interrelated design qualities of the spaces and artefacts in use, rather than isolated qualities. These (tangible and intangible) qualities define the nature of an artefact, a space, or constellations of them that users experience, for instance the qualities of an office chair vs. a meeting room. Experiences are subjective, but relate to both individual and collective experiences, for example using an ergonomic workstation vs. sharing such workstations. The findings also suggest that designing for user experiences with flexible offices is a highly complex endeavour, and that emphasis should be placed on designing for the experiences of pleasure, community, autonomy, purpose, and control over the environment.
Utilising this knowledge to develop and test research prototypes allowed for a richer understanding of the experiential process and its relation to more systemic aspects such as the context of use or the temporality of experiences. Derived from these research activities and their findings, I present in this thesis the tentative SEEX (Stimuli-Evaluation-EXperiential outcome) model of how user experiences take place. This thesis contributes knowledge on theoretical and practical levels for academics and practitioners to continue studying office user experiences from a UX perspective, support informed decisions in the planning, operation, and evaluation of offices, and explore design opportunities for office environments.
The findings show that user experiences with flexible offices are influenced by interrelated design qualities of the spaces and artefacts in use, rather than isolated qualities. These (tangible and intangible) qualities define the nature of an artefact, a space, or constellations of them that users experience, for instance the qualities of an office chair vs. a meeting room. Experiences are subjective, but relate to both individual and collective experiences, for example using an ergonomic workstation vs. sharing such workstations. The findings also suggest that designing for user experiences with flexible offices is a highly complex endeavour, and that emphasis should be placed on designing for the experiences of pleasure, community, autonomy, purpose, and control over the environment.
Utilising this knowledge to develop and test research prototypes allowed for a richer understanding of the experiential process and its relation to more systemic aspects such as the context of use or the temporality of experiences. Derived from these research activities and their findings, I present in this thesis the tentative SEEX (Stimuli-Evaluation-EXperiential outcome) model of how user experiences take place. This thesis contributes knowledge on theoretical and practical levels for academics and practitioners to continue studying office user experiences from a UX perspective, support informed decisions in the planning, operation, and evaluation of offices, and explore design opportunities for office environments.
combi office
design research
office design
user studies
UX
user experience
activity-based flexible office
design qualities
Virtual Development Laboratory (VDL)
Opponent: Professor Suvi Nenonen, PhD - Docent, Faculty of Built Environment, Tampere University, Finland - Leading Expert, University of Helsinki, Finland
Author
Antonio Cobaleda Cordero
Chalmers, Industrial and Materials Science, Design & Human Factors
Different office types provide the preconditions for distinct user experiences. However, knowledge about how users appraise and use their flexible offices is not as abundant as in the case of the more traditional open-plan and cell offices, and the available research shows discrepant results. The main difference between traditional and flexible offices is that the design of the flexible ones allows users to choose between diverse shared spaces and workstations for different activities. For example, work alone and focused in a quiet room or together with colleagues in an open and interactive zone, have on-site and online meetings in different meeting spaces, handle a phone call privately in a phone booth, read a document while sitting comfortably in a lounge, and take a break in a coffee area. This implies that in many flexible offices the users do not have assigned workstations, as organisations assume that not all of them will need one simultaneously. Therefore, the design of flexible offices may pose new opportunities and challenges for the user experiences at work.
In this thesis, I have adopted a user experience (UX) theoretical angle and a practical approach with multiple case studies in office environments to study the user experiences with the physical environment of flexible offices.
The thesis contributes with knowledge of the experiences that users have with the artefacts and spaces in flexible offices, explores design opportunities for positive user experiences, and proposes the tentative SEEX (Stimuli-Evaluation-EXperiential outcome) model of how user experiences take place. The thesis provides theoretical and practical insights to support researchers and practitioners in the planning, development, operation, and design intervention of office environments from a UX angle.
In this thesis, I have adopted a user experience (UX) theoretical angle and a practical approach with multiple case studies in office environments to study the user experiences with the physical environment of flexible offices.
The thesis contributes with knowledge of the experiences that users have with the artefacts and spaces in flexible offices, explores design opportunities for positive user experiences, and proposes the tentative SEEX (Stimuli-Evaluation-EXperiential outcome) model of how user experiences take place. The thesis provides theoretical and practical insights to support researchers and practitioners in the planning, development, operation, and design intervention of office environments from a UX angle.
Subject Categories
Psychology
Other Engineering and Technologies not elsewhere specified
Sociology
Areas of Advance
Health Engineering
ISBN
978-91-7905-663-6
Doktorsavhandlingar vid Chalmers tekniska högskola. Ny serie: 5129
Publisher
Chalmers
Virtual Development Laboratory (VDL)
Opponent: Professor Suvi Nenonen, PhD - Docent, Faculty of Built Environment, Tampere University, Finland - Leading Expert, University of Helsinki, Finland