The nobel prize in physics 2013 the BEH - Mechanism, interactions with short range forces and scalar particles

Paper in proceeding, 2014

On July 4, 2012, CERN announced the long awaited discovery of a new fundamental particle with properties similar to those expected for the missing link of the Standard Model (SM) of particle physics, the Higgs boson. The discovery was made independently by two experimental collaborations ATLAS and CMS at the Large Hadron Collider both working with huge all- purpose multichannel detectors. With significance at the level of five standard deviations, the new particle was mainly observed decaying into two channels: two photons and four leptons. This high significance implies that the probability of background fluctuations conspiring to produce the observed signal is less than 3×10 -7 . It took another nine months, however, and dedicated efforts from hundreds of scientists working hard to study additional decay channels and extract pertinent characteristics, before CERN boldly announced that the new particle was indeed the long-sought Higgs particle. Today we believe that "Beyond any reasonable doubt, it is a Higgs boson." [1]. An extensive review of Higgs searches prior to the July 2012 discovery may be found in [2] .