The Impact of Acute Nutritional Interventions on the Plasma Proteome
Journal article, 2023

Context: Humans respond profoundly to changes in diet, while nutrition and environment have a great impact on population health. It is therefore important to deeply characterize the human nutritional responses. Objective: Endocrine parameters and the metabolome of human plasma are rapidly responding to acute nutritional interventions such as caloric restriction or a glucose challenge. It is less well understood whether the plasma proteome would be equally dynamic, and whether it could be a source of corresponding biomarkers. Methods: We used high-throughput mass spectrometry to determine changes in the plasma proteome of i) 10 healthy, young, male individuals in response to 2 days of acute caloric restriction followed by refeeding; ii) 200 individuals of the Ely epidemiological study before and after a glucose tolerance test at 4 time points (0, 30, 60, 120 minutes); and iii) 200 random individuals from the Generation Scotland study. We compared the proteomic changes detected with metabolome data and endocrine parameters. Results: Both caloric restriction and the glucose challenge substantially impacted the plasma proteome. Proteins responded across individuals or in an individual-specific manner. We identified nutrient-responsive plasma proteins that correlate with changes in the metabolome, as well as with endocrine parameters. In particular, our study highlights the role of apolipoprotein C1 (APOC1), a small, understudied apolipoprotein that was affected by caloric restriction and dominated the response to glucose consumption and differed in abundance between individuals with and without type 2 diabetes. Conclusion: Our study identifies APOC1 as a dominant nutritional responder in humans and highlights the interdependency of acute nutritional response proteins and the endocrine system.

oral glucose tolerance test

type 2 diabetes

caloric restriction

plasma proteomics

APOC1

Author

Vernardis

The Francis Crick Institute

Eliptica Ltd

Vadim Demichev

Charité University Medicine Berlin

Oliver Lemke

Charité University Medicine Berlin

Nana-Maria Gruening

Charité University Medicine Berlin

Christoph Messner

The Francis Crick Institute

Matt White

The Francis Crick Institute

Maik Pietzner

Charité University Medicine Berlin

University of Cambridge

Alina Peluso

The Francis Crick Institute

Tinh-Hai Collet

University of Geneva

University of Cambridge

Elana Henning

University of Cambridge

Christoph Gille

Charité University Medicine Berlin

Archie Campbell

University of Edinburgh

Caroline Hayward

University of Edinburgh

David J. Porteous

University of Edinburgh

Riccardo E. Marioni

University of Edinburgh

Michael Muelleder

Charité University Medicine Berlin

Aleksej Zelezniak

Chalmers, Life Sciences, Systems and Synthetic Biology

Claudia Langenberg

University of Cambridge

Queen Mary University of London

Charité University Medicine Berlin

I. Sadaf Farooqi

University of Cambridge

Markus Ralser

The Francis Crick Institute

Charité University Medicine Berlin

Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism

0021-972X (ISSN) 19457197 (eISSN)

Vol. 108 8 2087-2098

Subject Categories

Endocrinology and Diabetes

Other Clinical Medicine

Nutrition and Dietetics

DOI

10.1210/clinem/dgad031

PubMed

36658456

More information

Latest update

9/1/2023 1