Investigation of LD-slag as oxygen carrier for CLC in a 10 kW unit using high-volatile biomasses

Journal article, 2023

A steel slag from the Linz-Donawitz process, called LD-slag, having significant calcium and iron-fractions, was investigated as an oxygen carrier in a recently developed 10 kWth chemical-looping combustor with three high-volatile biomass fuels. In order to improve operability, the LD-slag was found to require heat-treatment at high temperatures before being used in the unit. In total, operation with the biomasses was conducted for more than 26 h at temperatures of 870–980 °C. The fuel thermal power was in the range of 3.4–10 kWth. The operation involved chemical looping combustion (CLC), chemical looping gasification (CLG) and oxygen carrier aided combustion (OCAC). Around 12 h was in CLC operation, 13.3 h was conducted in CLG-conditions, while the remaining 0.7 h was OCAC. Here, the results obtained during the CLC part of the campaign is reported. Increased temperature in the fuel reactor and higher airflows to the air reactor both lead to better combustion performance. Steam concentration in the fuel reactor has little effect on the performance. The LD-slag showed higher oxygen demand (31.0%) than that with ilmenite (21.5%) and a manganese ore (19.5%) with the same fuel and normal solids circulation. However, with the LD-slag, there is possibility to achieve a lower oxygen demand (15.2%) with high solids circulation.