Structural and functional investigation of underexplored carbohydrate-active enzyme families
Doctoral thesis, 2023
In this thesis, I investigated different CAZymes belonging to relatively unexplored families. The aim was to expand our yet limited knowledge and to gain further insights into their physiological roles. Bacterial enzymes belonging to the carbohydrate esterase family 15 (CE15) were identified in putative pectin-targeting polysaccharide utilization loci (PULs) – clusters of co-regulated genes coding for proteins involved in the degradation of specific polysaccharide motifs. These CE15 enzymes showed comparable activities on model substrates mimicking pectin-esters and on canonical model substrates. This result led to study their activity also on extracted pectins and pectin-rich biomass, although no new activities were revealed. X-ray protein crystallography was used to obtain structures of PvCE15, also in complex with the sugar moiety of the model substrates, to gain insight into its likely specificity. A broader selection of CE15 enzymes of both fungal and bacterial origin was characterized on an additional, non-conventional, model substrate to define their substrate specificity in regards of the position of the ester substituents in the targeted bond. Furthermore, one of the first bacterial copper radical oxidases, belonging to an unexplored clade of the Auxiliary Activity family 5 (AA5), was heterologously produced and characterized on a wide range of alcohol substrates. Finally, I determined the structure of a previously characterized AA9 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase with broad substrate specificity, indicating certain structural features as possible determinants of the described specificity.
carbohydrate-active enzymes
lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase
plant biomass degradation
copper radical oxidases
carbohydrate esterase
protein structure determination
protein structure prediction
Author
Andrea Seveso
Chalmers, Life Sciences, Industrial Biotechnology
Seveso A.*, Coleman T.*, Carbonaro M., Krogh K., Lo Leggio L., Larsbrink J. The substrate specificity of CE15 glucuronoyl esterases suggest distinct roles in processing different esters in lignin-carbohydrate complexes
Structure of a C1/C4-oxidizing AA9 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase from the thermophilic fungus Malbranchea cinnamomea
Acta Crystallographica Section D: Structural Biology,;Vol. 77(2021)p. 1019-1026
Journal article
A unique AA5 alcohol oxidase fused with a catalytically inactive CE3 domain from the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei
FEBS Letters,;Vol. 597(2023)p. 1779-1791
Journal article
Polysaccharide utilization loci from Bacteroidota encode CE15 enzymes with possible roles in cleaving pectin-lignin bonds
Applied and Environmental Microbiology,;Vol. 90(2024)
Journal article
There are many different types of CAZymes, which are classified based on their relative similarity and further on the basis of their function in nature. With this thesis I present my work focused on investigations of CAZymes from underexplored families. I have discovered and characterized new members of the carbohydrate esterase family 15 (CE15) and compared them to previously studied enzymes. The aim has been to find enzymes with new activities, and define their specificity towards different types of biomass or biomass model compounds. I have also determined the three-dimensional structures of some of the enzymes in my studies to further shed some light on their function. Bacterial and fungal oxidative enzymes belonging to auxiliary activity (AA) families, respectively an alcohol oxidase and a lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO), were also biochemically and/or structurally characterized.
Overall, the work presented in this thesis adds to our understanding of the complex specificities and requirements of microbial CAZymes, whose function must be well understood before they are deployed in a biorefinery setting.
Driving Forces
Sustainable development
Subject Categories
Industrial Biotechnology
ISBN
978-91-7905-905-7
Doktorsavhandlingar vid Chalmers tekniska högskola. Ny serie: 5371
Publisher
Chalmers
KE
Opponent: Maija Tenkanen, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland