Search for Galactic Core-collapse Supernovae in a Decade of Data Taken with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory
Journal article, 2024
The IceCube Neutrino Observatory has been continuously taking data to search for O(0.5–10) s long neutrino bursts since 2007. Even if a Galactic core-collapse supernova is optically obscured or collapses to a black hole instead of exploding, it will be detectable via the O(10) MeV neutrino burst emitted during the collapse. We discuss a search for such events covering the time between 2008 April 17 and 2019 December 31. Considering the average data taking and analysis uptime of 91.7% after all selection cuts, this is equivalent to 10.735 yr of continuous data taking. In order to test the most conservative neutrino production scenario, the selection cuts were optimized for a model based on an 8.8 solar mass progenitor collapsing to an O–Ne–Mg core. Conservative assumptions on the effects of neutrino oscillations in the exploding star were made. The final selection cut was set to ensure that the probability to detect such a supernova within the Milky Way exceeds 99%. No such neutrino burst was found in the data after performing a blind analysis. Hence, a 90% C.L. upper limit on the rate of core-collapse supernovae out to distances of ≈25 kpc was determined to be 0.23 yr−1. For the more distant Magellanic Clouds, only high neutrino luminosity supernovae will be detectable by IceCube, unless external information on the burst time is available. We determined a model-independent limit by parameterizing the dependence on the neutrino luminosity and the energy spectrum.
Core-collapse supernovae (304)
Supernova neutrinos (1666)
Neutrino telescopes (1105)
Author
R. Abbasi
Loyola University of Chicago
M. Ackermann
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
J. Adams
University of Canterbury
S. K. Agarwalla
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
J. A. Aguilar
Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
M. Ahlers
Niels Bohr Institute
J. M. Alameddine
Technische Universität Dortmund
N.M. Amin
University of Delaware
K. Andeen
Marquette University
G. Anton
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)
C. Argüelles
Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
Y. Ashida
University of Utah
S. Athanasiadou
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
S. N. Axani
University of Delaware
X. Bai
South Dakota School of Mines & Technology
A. V. Balagopal
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
M. Baricevic
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
S.W. Barwick
University of California at Irvine (UCI)
V. Basu
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
R. Bay
University of California
J.J. Beatty
Ohio State University
J. Beise
Uppsala University
C. Bellenghi
Technical University of Munich
C. Benning
RWTH Aachen University
S. Benzvi
University of Rochester
D. Berley
University of Maryland
E. Bernardini
University of Padua
D.Z. Besson
University of Kansas
G. Binder
University of California
Julia Tjus
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics
E. Blaufuss
University of Maryland
S. Blot
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
F. Bontempo
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
J. Y. Book
Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
C. Boscolo Meneguolo
University of Padua
S. Böser
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
O. Botner
Uppsala University
J. Böttcher
RWTH Aachen University
E. Bourbeau
Niels Bohr Institute
J. Braun
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
B. Brinson
Georgia Institute of Technology
J. Brostean-Kaiser
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
R. T. Burley
University of Adelaide
R.S. Busse
University of Münster
D. Butterfield
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
M.A. Campana
Drexel University
K. Carloni
Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
E. G. Carnie-Bronca
University of Adelaide
S. Chattopadhyay
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
N. Chau
Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
C. Chen
Georgia Institute of Technology
C. Chen
Stony Brook University
D. Chirkin
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
S. Choi
Sungkyunkwan University
B.A. Clark
University of Maryland
L. Classen
University of Münster
A. Coleman
Uppsala University
G.H. Collin
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
A. Connolly
Ohio State University
J. M. Conrad
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
P. Coppin
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
P. Correa
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
S. Countryman
Columbia University
D. F. Cowen
Pennsylvania State University
P. Dave
Georgia Institute of Technology
C. De Clercq
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
J.J. Delaunay
University of Alabama
D. Delgado
Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
S. Deng
RWTH Aachen University
K. Deoskar
Oskar Klein Centre
A. Desai
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
P. Desiati
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
K. D. De Vries
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
G. De Wasseige
Universite catholique de Louvain
T. DeYoung
Michigan State University
A. Diaz
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
J. C. Díaz-Vélez
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
M. Dittmer
University of Münster
A. Domi
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)
H. Dujmovic
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
M. A. Duvernois
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
T. Ehrhardt
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
P. Eller
Technical University of Munich
E. Ellinger
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
S. El Mentawi
RWTH Aachen University
D. Elsaesser
Technische Universität Dortmund
R. Engel
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
H. Erpenbeck
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
J. Evans
University of Maryland
P.A. Evenson
University of Delaware
K.L. Fan
University of Maryland
K. Fang
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
K. Farrag
Chiba University
A. R. Fazely
Southern University and A&M College
A. Fedynitch
Academia Sinica
N. Feigl
Humboldt University of Berlin
S. Fiedlschuster
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)
C. Finley
Oskar Klein Centre
L. Fischer
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
D. Fox
Pennsylvania State University
A. Franckowiak
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
A. Fritz
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
P. Fürst
RWTH Aachen University
J. S. Gallagher III
University of Wisconsin Madison
E. Ganster
RWTH Aachen University
A. Garcia
Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
L. Gerhardt
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
A. Ghadimi
University of Alabama
C. Glaser
Uppsala University
T. Glauch
Technical University of Munich
T. Glüsenkamp
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)
N. Goehlke
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
J.G. Gonzalez
University of Delaware
S. Goswami
University of Alabama
D. Grant
Michigan State University
S.J. Gray
University of Maryland
O. Gries
RWTH Aachen University
S. Griffin
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
S. Griswold
University of Rochester
K.M. Groth
Niels Bohr Institute
C. Günther
RWTH Aachen University
P. Gutjahr
Technische Universität Dortmund
C. Haack
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)
A. Hallgren
Uppsala University
R. Halliday
Michigan State University
L. Halve
RWTH Aachen University
F. Halzen
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
H. Hamdaoui
Stony Brook University
M. Ha Minh
Technical University of Munich
K. Hanson
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
J. Hardin
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
A.A. Harnisch
Michigan State University
P. Hatch
Queen's University
A. Haungs
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
K. Helbing
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
J. Hellrung
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
F. Henningsen
Technical University of Munich
L. Heuermann
RWTH Aachen University
N. Heyer
Uppsala University
S. Hickford
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
A. Hidvegi
Oskar Klein Centre
C. Hill
Chiba University
C. Hill
University of Adelaide
K.D. Hoffman
University of Maryland
S. Hori
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
K. Hoshina
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
W. Hou
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
T. Huber
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
K. Hultqvist
Oskar Klein Centre
M. Hünnefeld
Technische Universität Dortmund
R. Hussain
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
K. Hymon
Technische Universität Dortmund
S. In
Sungkyunkwan University
A. Ishihara
Chiba University
M. Jacquart
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
O. Janik
RWTH Aachen University
M. Jansson
Oskar Klein Centre
G.S. Japaridze
Clark Atlanta University
M. Jeong
Sungkyunkwan University
M. Jin
Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
B. J. P. Jones
University of Texas at Arlington
W. Kang
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
W. Kang
Sungkyunkwan University
W. Kang
Drexel University
A. Kappes
University of Münster
D. Kappesser
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
L. Kardum
Technische Universität Dortmund
T. Karg
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
M. Karl
Technical University of Munich
A. Karle
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
U. Katz
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)
M. Kauer
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
J.L. Kelley
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
A. Khatee Zathul
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
A. Kheirandish
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
S.R. Klein
University of California
J. Kiryluk
Stony Brook University
A. Kochocki
Michigan State University
R. Koirala
University of Delaware
H. Kolanoski
Humboldt University of Berlin
T. Kontrimas
Technical University of Munich
L. Köpke
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
C. Kopper
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)
D.J. Koskinen
Niels Bohr Institute
P. Koundal
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
M. Kovacevich
Drexel University
M. Kowalski
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
T. Kozynets
Niels Bohr Institute
J. Krishnamoorthi
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
K. Kruiswijk
Universite catholique de Louvain
E. Krupczak
Michigan State University
A. Kumar
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
E. Kun
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
N. Kurahashi
Drexel University
N. Lad
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
C. Lagunas Gualda
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
M. Lamoureux
Universite catholique de Louvain
M.J. Larson
University of Maryland
S. Latseva
RWTH Aachen University
F. Lauber
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
J.P. Lazar
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
J.W. Lee
Sungkyunkwan University
K. Leonard DeHolton
Eberly College of Science
A. Leszczyńska
University of Delaware
M. Lincetto
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
Q.R. Liu
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
M. Liubarska
University of Alberta
E. Lohfink
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
C. Love
Drexel University
C.J. Lozano Mariscal
University of Münster
L. Lu
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
F. Lucarelli
University of Geneva
W. Luszczak
Ohio State University
Y. Lyu
University of California
J. Madsen
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
K.B.M. Mahn
Michigan State University
Y. Makino
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
E. Manao
Technical University of Munich
S. Mancina
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
W. Marie Sainte
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
I.C. Mariş
Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
S. Marka
Columbia University
Z. Marka
Columbia University
M. Marsee
University of Alabama
I. Martinez-Soler
Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
R. Maruyama
Yale University
F. Mayhew
Michigan State University
T. McElroy
University of Alberta
F. McNally
Mercer University
J.V. Mead
Niels Bohr Institute
K. Meagher
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
S. Mechbal
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
A. Medina
Ohio State University
M. Meier
Chiba University
Y. Merckx
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
L. Merten
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
J. Micallef
Michigan State University
J. Mitchell
Southern University and A&M College
T. Montaruli
University of Geneva
R. W. Moore
University of Alberta
Y. Morii
Chiba University
R. Morse
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
M. Moulai
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
T. Mukherjee
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
R. Naab
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
R. Nagai
Chiba University
M. Nakos
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
U. Naumann
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
J. Necker
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
A. Negi
University of Texas at Arlington
M. Neumann
University of Münster
H. Niederhausen
Michigan State University
M.U. Nisa
Michigan State University
A. Noell
RWTH Aachen University
A. Novikov
University of Delaware
S.C. Nowicki
Michigan State University
A. Obertacke Pollmann
Chiba University
V. O’Dell
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
M. Oehler
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
B. Oeyen
Ghent university
A. Olivas
University of Maryland
R. Orsoe
Technical University of Munich
J. Osborn
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
E. O'Sullivan
Uppsala University
H. Pandya
University of Delaware
N. Park
Queen's University
G.K. Parker
University of Texas at Arlington
E.N. Paudel
University of Delaware
L. Paul
Marquette University
C. Pérez de los Heros
Uppsala University
J. Peterson
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
S. Philippen
RWTH Aachen University
A. Pizzuto
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
M. Plum
South Dakota School of Mines & Technology
A. Pontén
Uppsala University
Y. Popovych
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
M. Prado Rodriguez
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
B. Pries
Michigan State University
R. Procter-Murphy
University of Maryland
G.T. Przybylski
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
C. Raab
Universite catholique de Louvain
J. Rack-Helleis
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
K. Rawlins
University of Alaska Anchorage
Z. Rechav
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
A. Rehman
University of Delaware
P. Reichherzer
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
G. Renzi
Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
E. Resconi
Technical University of Munich
S. Reusch
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
W. Rhode
Technische Universität Dortmund
B. Riedel
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
A. Rifaie
RWTH Aachen University
E.J. Roberts
University of Adelaide
S. Robertson
University of California
S. Rodan
Sungkyunkwan University
G. Roellinghoff
Sungkyunkwan University
M. Rongen
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)
C. Rott
University of Utah
T. Ruhe
Technische Universität Dortmund
L. Ruohan
Technical University of Munich
D. Ryckbosch
Ghent university
I. Safa
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
J. Saffer
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
D. Salazar-Gallegos
Michigan State University
P. Sampathkumar
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
S.E. Sanchez Herrera
Michigan State University
A. Sandrock
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
M. Santander
University of Alabama
S. Sarkar
University of Alberta
S. Sarkar
University of Oxford
J. Savelberg
RWTH Aachen University
P. Savina
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
M. Schaufel
RWTH Aachen University
H. Schieler
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
S. Schindler
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)
L. Schlickmann
RWTH Aachen University
B. Schlüter
University of Münster
F. Schlüter
Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
N. Schmeisser
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
T. Schmidt
University of Maryland
J. Schneider
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)
F.G. Schröder
University of Delaware
L. Schumacher
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)
G. Schwefer
RWTH Aachen University
S. Sclafani
University of Maryland
D. Seckel
University of Delaware
M. Seikh
University of Kansas
S. Seunarine
University of Wisconsin
R. Shah
Drexel University
A. Sharma
Uppsala University
S. Shefali
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
N. Shimizu
Chiba University
M. Silva
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
B. Skrzypek
Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
B. Smithers
University of Texas at Arlington
R. Snihur
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
J. Soedingrekso
Technische Universität Dortmund
A. Søgaard
Niels Bohr Institute
D. Soldin
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
P. Soldin
RWTH Aachen University
G. Sommani
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
C. Spannfellner
Technical University of Munich
G.M. Spiczak
University of Wisconsin
C. Spiering
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
M. Stamatikos
Ohio State University
T. Stanev
University of Delaware
T. Stezelberger
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
T. Stürwald
Bergische Universität Wuppertal
T. Stuttard
Niels Bohr Institute
G.W. Sullivan
University of Maryland
I. Taboada
Georgia Institute of Technology
S. Ter-Antonyan
Southern University and A&M College
M. Thiesmeyer
RWTH Aachen University
W.G. Thompson
Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
J. Thwaites
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
S. Tilav
University of Delaware
K. Tollefson
Michigan State University
C. Tönnis
Sungkyunkwan University
S. Toscano
Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB)
D. Tosi
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
A. Trettin
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
C.F. Tung
Georgia Institute of Technology
R. Turcotte
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
J.P. Twagirayezu
Michigan State University
B. Ty
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
M.A. Unland Elorrieta
University of Münster
A.K. Upadhyay
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
K. Upshaw
Southern University and A&M College
N. Valtonen-Mattila
Uppsala University
J. Vandenbroucke
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
N. Van Eijndhoven
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
D. Vannerom
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
J. Van Santen
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY)
J. Vara
University of Münster
J. Veitch-Michaelis
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
M. Venugopal
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
M. Vereecken
Universite catholique de Louvain
S. Verpoest
University of Delaware
D. Veske
Columbia University
A. Vijai
University of Maryland
C. Walck
Oskar Klein Centre
C. Weaver
Michigan State University
P. Weigel
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
A. Weindl
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
J. Weldert
Eberly College of Science
C. Wendt
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
J. Werthebach
Technische Universität Dortmund
M. Weyrauch
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
Nathan Whitehorn
Michigan State University
C.H. Wiebusch
RWTH Aachen University
N. Willey
Michigan State University
D.R. Williams
University of Alabama
A. Wolf
RWTH Aachen University
M. Wolf
Technical University of Munich
G. Wrede
University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU)
X.W. Xu
Southern University and A&M College
J.P. Yanez
University of Alberta
E. Yildizci
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
S. Yoshida
Chiba University
R. Young
University of Kansas
F. Yu
Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
S. Yu
Michigan State University
T. Yuan
Wisconsin IceCube Particle Astrophysics Center
Z. Zhang
Stony Brook University
P. Zhelnin
Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences
Astrophysical Journal
0004-637X (ISSN) 1538-4357 (eISSN)
Vol. 961 1 84Subject Categories
Physical Sciences
DOI
10.3847/1538-4357/ad07d1