Future scenarios and driving forces for circular electric vehicle batteries: a Delphi-study

Paper in proceeding, 2024

Although significant amounts of electric vehicle (EV) batteries will come to their end-oflife in the near future, their second-life applications remain underexplored yet promising for cost and environmental benefits. This paper projects future scenarios for post-use EV batteries, using a Delphi expert survey to explore collection, reuse, repurposing, and recycling. The study shows that expert opinions vary on EV battery futures, with emerging actors favouring second-life applications, while others emphasising recycling due to raw material shortages. Ownership structures will likely dictate the chosen pathway. The paper contributes to understanding the short and long-term supply chain perspectives on circular EV batteries.