Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
Journal article, 2024
Background: Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations.
Methods: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model—a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates—with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality—which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds.
Findings: The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2–100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1–290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1–211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4–48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3–37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7–9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles.
Interpretation: Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere.
Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Methods: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model—a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates—with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality—which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds.
Findings: The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2–100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1–290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1–211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4–48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3–37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7–9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles.
Interpretation: Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere.
Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Author
Mohsen Naghavi
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Kanyin Liane Ong
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Amirali Aali
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Hazim S. Ababneh
Massachusetts General Hospital
Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate
Aleta Wondo Hospital
Cristiana Abbafati
Sapienza University of Rome
Rouzbeh Abbasgholizadeh
University of California
Mohammadreza Abbasian
Harvard Medical School
Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Hedayat Abbastabar
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Samar Abd ElHafeez
Alexandria University
Michael Abdelmasseh
Marshall University
Sherief Abd-Elsalam
Tanta University
Ahmed Abdelwahab
Baylor College of Medicine
Mohammad Abdollahi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Mohammad-Amin Abdollahifar
University of Saskatchewan
Meriem Abdoun
University Ferhat Abbas of Setif
Deldar Morad Abdulah
University of Duhok
Auwal Abdullahi
Bayero University
Mesfin Abebe
Dilla University
Samrawit Shawel Abebe
Haramaya University
Aidin Abedi
University of Southern California
Kedir Hussein Abegaz
Near East University
E.S. Abhilash
Sree Narayana Guru College Chelannur
Hassan Abidi
Yasuj University of Medical Sciences
Olumide Abiodun
Babcock University
Richard Gyan Aboagye
University of Health and Allied Sciences
Hassan Abolhassani
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Meysam Abolmaali
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center
Mohamed Abouzid
Poznan University of Medical Sciences
Girma Beressa Aboye
Madda Walabu University
Lucas Guimarães Abreu
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Woldu Aberhe Abrha
Aksum University
Dariush Abtahi
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Samir Abu Rumeileh
Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg
Hasan Abualruz
Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan
Bilyaminu Abubakar
Usmanu Danfodiyo University
Eman Abu-Gharbieh
Clinical Sciences Department
Niveen M.E. Abu-Rmeileh
Birzeit University
Salahdein Aburuz
University of Jordan
Ahmed Abu-Zaid
Alfaisal University
Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Tadele Girum Adal
Wolkite University
Abdu A Adamu
Stellenbosch University
Isaac Yeboah Addo
University of New South Wales (UNSW)
Giovanni Addolorato
Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS
Akindele Olupelumi Adebiyi
University of Ibadan
Victor Adekanmbi
University of Texas Medical Branch
Abiola Victor Adepoju
Jhpiego
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji
Edo State University Uzairue
Juliana Bunmi Adetunji
Osun State University
Temitayo Esther Adeyeoluwa
University of Ibadan
Daniel Adedayo Adeyinka
University of Saskatchewan
Olorunsola Israel Adeyomoye
University of Medical Sciences
Biruk Adie Admass
University of Gondar
Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani
Padjadjaran University
Saryia Adra
Clinical Sciences Department
Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi
University of Ibadan
Muhammad Sohail Afzal
University of Management and Technology
Saira Afzal
King Edward Memorial Hospital
Suneth Buddhika Agampodi
Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Pradyumna Agasthi
Mayo Clinic
Manik Aggarwal
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Shahin Aghamiri
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Feleke Doyore Agide
Wachemo University
Antonella Agodi
'GF Ingrassia' University of Catania
Anurag Agrawal
Baylor College of Medicine
Williams Agyemang-Duah
Queen's University
Bright Opoku Ahinkorah
University of Technology Sydney
Aqeel Ahmad
Shaqra University
Danish Ahmad
Australian National University
Firdos Ahmad
College of Medicine
Muayyad M. Ahmad
University of Jordan
Sajjad Ahmad
Abasyn University
Shahzaib Ahmad
Miami Cancer Institute
Tauseef Ahmad
Southeast University
Keivan Ahmadi
Imperial College London
Amir Mahmoud Ahmadzade
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Ali Ahmed
Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences
Ayman Ahmed
University of Khartoum
Haroon Ahmed
COMSATS University Islamabad
Luai A. Ahmed
United Arab Emirates University
Mehrunnisha Sharif Ahmed
University of Duhok
Meqdad Saleh Ahmed
Majmaah University
Muktar Beshir Ahmed
Jimma University
Syed Anees Ahmed
East Carolina University
Marjan Ajami
National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute
Budi Aji
Jenderal Soedirman University
Essona Matatom Akara
Ministry of Health
Hossein Akbarialiabad
University of New South Wales (UNSW)
Karolina Akinosoglou
Universityof Patras
Tomi F. Akinyemiju
Duke University
Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif
Fudan University
Samuel Akyirem
Yale University
Hanadi Al Hamad
Hamad Medical Corporation
Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan
Washington University in St. Louis
Fares Alahdab
UTHealth
Samer O. Alalalmeh
Ajman University
Tariq A. Alalwan
University of Bahrain
Ziyad Al-Aly
Washington University in St. Louis
Khurshid Alam
Murdoch University
Manjurul Alam
George Mason University
Noore Alam
Queensland Health
Rasmieh Mustafa Al-Amer
Yarmouk University
Fahad Mashhour Alanezi
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU)
Turki M. Alanzi
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU)
Sayer Al-Azzam
Public Health and Family Medicine
Almaza Albakri
Royal Jordanian Medical Services
Mohammed Albashtawy
Al Al-Bayt University
Mohammad T. AlBataineh
Yarmouk University
Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal
National Institute of Public Health
Khalifah A. Aldawsari
Nicklaus Children's Hospital
Wafa A. Aldhaleei
Mayo Clinic
Robert W. Aldridge
University College London (UCL)
Haileselasie Berhane Alema
Aksum University
Mulubirhan Assefa Alemayohu
Mekelle University
Sharifullah Alemi
Tokyo Medical and Dental University
Yihun Mulugeta Alemu
Australian National University
Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi
University of Newcastle
Khalid F. Alhabib
King Saud University
Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji Alhalaiqa
Qatar University
Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi
King Abdulaziz University
Abid Ali
Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan
Amjad Ali
Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan
Liaqat Ali
National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS)
Mohammed Usman Ali
Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Rafat Ali
Jamia Millia Islamia
Shahid Ali
University of Swat
Syed Shujait Shujait Ali
University of Swat
Gianfranco Alicandro
University of Milan
Sheikh Mohammad Alif
Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences
Reyhaneh Alikhani
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Yousef Alimohamadi
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center
Ahmednur Adem Aliyi
Madda Walabu University
Mohammad A. M. Aljasir
Qassim University
Syed Mohamed Aljunid
University of Kuwait
François Alla
University of Bordeaux
Peter Allebeck
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center
Sabah Al-Marwani
Jordan University of Science and Technology,
Sadeq Ali Ali Al-Maweri
Qatar University
Joseph Uy Almazan
Nazarbayev University
Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi
University of Malaya
Louay Almidani
University of California
Omar Almidani
Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi
Mahmoud A. Alomari
Public Health and Family Medicine
Basem Al-Omari
Khalifa University
Jordi Alonso
University Pompeu Fabra
Jaber S. Alqahtani
Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences
Shehabaldin Alqalyoobi
East Carolina University
Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi
Taibah University
Salman Khalifah Al-Sabah
University of Kuwait
Zaid Altaany
Yarmouk University
Awais Altaf
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare
Khalid A. Altirkawi
University of Sharjah
Deborah Oyine Aluh
Nova University of Lisbon
Nelson Alvis-Guzman
Universidad de la Costa (University of the Coast)
Hassan Alwafi
Umm Al-Qura University
Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi
Azal University for Human Development
Hany Aly
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Safwat Aly
Harvard Medical School
Karem H. Alzoubi
University of Sharjah
Reza Amani
University of Iowa
Azmeraw T. Amare
Bahar Dar University
Prince M. Amegbor
New York University
Edward Kwabena Ameyaw
Lingnan University, Hong Kong
Tarek Tawfik Amin
Cairo University
Alireza Amindarolzarbi
Johns Hopkins University
Sohrab Amiri
Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences
Mohammad Hosein Amirzade-Iranaq
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Hubert Amu
University of Health and Allied Sciences
Dickson A. Amugsi
African Population Health Research Centre
Ganiyu Adeniyi Amusa
University of Jos
Robert Ancuceanu
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Deanna Anderlini
Centre for Sensorimotor Performance
David B. Anderson
Faculty of Medicine and Health
Pedro Prata Andrade
Technische Universität Berlin
Catalina Liliana Andrei
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Tudorel Andrei
Bucharest University of Economic Studies
Colin Angus
University of Sheffield
Abhishek Anil
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Sneha Anil
Ernakulam Medical Centre
Amir Anoushiravani
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Hossein Ansari
Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
Ansariadi Ansariadi
Hasanuddin University
Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam
Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
Catherine M. Antony
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Ernoiz Antriyandarti
Sebelas Maret University
Davood Anvari
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Saeid Anvari
Guilan University of Medical Sciences
Saleha Anwar
Jamia Millia Islamia
Sumadi Lukman Anwar
Gadjah Mada University
Razique Anwer
Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University
Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor
Charles Sturt University
Muhammad Aqeel
Foundation University
Juan Pablo Arab
Western University
Jalal Arabloo
Health Management and Economics Research Center
Mosab Arafat
Al Ain University
Aleksandr Y. Aravkin
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Demelash Areda
Ottawa University
Abdulfatai Aremu
University of Ilorin
Olatunde Aremu
Birmingham City University
Hany Ariffin
University of Malaya
Mesay Arkew
Haramaya University
Benedetta Armocida
Istituto Superiore Di Sanita
Michael Benjamin Arndt
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Johan Ärnlöv
Care Sciences and Society
Mahwish Arooj
University College of Medicine & Dentistry
Anton A. Artamonov
Russian Academy of Sciences
Judie Arulappan
Sultan Qaboos University
Raphael Taiwo Aruleba
East Carolina University
Ashokan Arumugam
University of Sharjah
Malke Asaad
Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences
Mohsen Asadi-Lari
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center
Akeza Awealom Asgedom
Mekelle University
Mona Asghariahmadabad
University of California San Francisco
Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi
Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences
Muhammad Ashraf
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
Armin Aslani
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Thomas Astell-Burt
The University of Sydney
Mohammad Athar
Umm Al-Qura University
Seyyed Shamsadin Athari
Zanjan University of Medical Sciences
Bantalem Tilaye Tilaye Atinafu
Debre Berhan University
Habtamu Wondmagegn Atlaw
Arba Minch University
Prince Atorkey
University of Newcastle
Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atout
Philadelphia University
Alok Atreya
Lumbini Medical College
Avinash Aujayeb
Northumbria HealthCare National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust
Marcel Ausloos
Bucharest University of Economic Studies
Abolfazl Avan
Western University
Atalel Fentahun Awedew
Addis Ababa University
Amlaku Mulat Aweke
Bahar Dar University
Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla
La Trobe University
Haleh Ayatollahi
Health Management and Economics Research Center
Jose L. Ayuso-Mateos
Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)
Seyed Mohammad Ayyoubzadeh
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Sina Azadnajafabad
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Rui M. S. Azevedo
Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politecnico e Universitario (CESPU) (University Polytechnic Higher Education Cooperative)
Ahmed Y. Azzam
Albert Einstein College of Medicine
B.B. Darshan
Manipal Academy of Higher Education
Abraham Samuel Babu
Manipal University
Muhammad Badar
Gomal University
Ashish D. Badiye
Government Institute of Forensic Science
Soroush Baghdadi
The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Nasser Bagheri
Australian National University
Sara Bagherieh
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Sulaiman Bah
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU)
Saeed Bahadorikhalili
Rovira i Virgili University
Najmeh Bahmanziari
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Ruhai Bai
Nanjing University of Science and Technology
Atif Amin Baig
Management and Science University
Jennifer L. Baker
Bispebjerg Hospital
Abdulaziz T. Bako
Houston Methodist Hospital
Ravleen Kaur Bakshi
Maternal and Child Health Unit
Senthilkumar Balakrishnan
Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology
Madhan Balasubramanian
Faculty of Medicine and Health
Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu
Technology
Kiran Bam
Monash University
Maciej Banach
Medical University of Lodz
Soham Bandyopadhyay
University of Oxford
Palash Chandra Banik
Bangladesh University of Health Sciences
Hansi Bansal
Government Institute of Forensic Science
Kannu Bansal
University of Massachusetts
Franca Barbic
Western University
Martina Barchitta
'GF Ingrassia' University of Catania
Mainak Bardhan
Baptist Health South Florida
Erfan Bardideh
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo
University of Auckland
Till Winfried Barnighausen
Harvard School of Public Health
Francesco Barone-Adesi
University of Eastern Piedmont
Hiba Jawdat Barqawi
Clinical Sciences Department
Lope H. Barrero
School of Engineering
Amadou Barrow
University of Florida
Sandra Barteit
Heidelberg University
Lingkan Barua
Bangladesh University of Health Sciences
Zarrin Basharat
Alpha Genomics
Azadeh Bashiri
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Afisu Basiru
University of Ilorin
Pritish Baskaran
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Buddha Basnyat
University of Oxford
Quique Bassat
University of Barcelona
João Diogo Basso
University of Coimbra
Ann V. L. Basting
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Sanjay Basu
Harvard Medical School
Kavita Batra
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Bernhard T. Baune
University of Münster
Mohsen Bayati
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn
Jimma University
Thomas Beaney
Imperial College London
Neeraj Bedi
D Y Patil University
Massimiliano Beghi
AUSL Romagna
Emad Behboudi
Khoy University of Medical Sciences
Priyamadhaba Behera
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Amir Hossein Behnoush
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Masoud Behzadifar
Lorestan University of Medical Sciences
Maryam Beiranvand
University of Florida
Diana Fernanda Bejarano Ramirez
El Bosque University
Yannick Béjot
Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon
Sefealem Assefa Belay
Bahar Dar University
Chalie Mulu Belete
Ethiopian Public Health Institute
Michelle L. Bell
Yale University
Muhammad Bashir Bello
Usmanu Danfodiyo University
Olorunjuwon Omolaja Bello
University of Medical Sciences
Luis Belo
University of Porto
Apostolos Beloukas
University of Liverpool
Rose Grace Bender
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Isabela M. Bensenor
University of Sao Paulo (USP)
Azizullah Beran
Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis
Zombor Berezvai
Corvinus University of Budapest
Alemshet Yirga Berhie
Bahar Dar University
Betyna N. Berice
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Robert S. Bernstein
Emory University
Gregory J. Bertolacci
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Paulo J.G. Bettencourt
Catholic University of Portugal
Kebede A. Beyene
University of Auckland
Devidas S. Bhagat
Government Institute of Forensic Science
Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula
North Dakota State University
Neeraj Bhala
Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham
Ashish Bhalla
Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research
Dinesh Bhandari
Monash University
Kayleigh Bhangdia
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Nikha Bhardwaj
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Pankaj Bhardwaj
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Prarthna V. Bhardwaj
University of Massachusetts Medical School
Ashish Bhargava
Wayne State University
Sonu Bhaskar
NSW Brain Clot Bank
Vivek Bhat
St John's National Academy of Health Sciences
Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
Chandigarh University
Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
Central University of Punjab
Manpreet S. Bhatti
Guru Nanak Dev University India
Rajbir Bhatti
Guru Nanak Dev University India
Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
University of Toronto
Boris Bikbov
Scientific-Tools.Org
Jessica Devin Bishai
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Catherine Bisignano
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Francesca Bisulli
University of Bologna
Atanu Biswas
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism
Bijit Biswas
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
Saeid Bitaraf
Ahvaz, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
Bikes Destaw Bitew
University of Gondar
Veera R. Bitra
University of Botswana
Tone Bjorge
University of Bergen
Micheal Kofi Boachie
University of Health and Allied Sciences
Mary Sefa Boampong
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Anca Vasilica Bobirca
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Virginia Bodolica
American University of Sharjah
Aadam Olalekan Bodunrin
East Carolina University
Eyob Ketema Bogale
Bahar Dar University
Kassawmar Angaw Bogale
Bahar Dar University
Somayeh Bohlouli
Islamic Azad University
Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa
University of KwaZulu-Natal
Archith Boloor
Manipal University
Milad Bonakdar Hashemi
Urology Department
Aime Bonny
University of Douala
Kaustubh Bora
Indian Council of Medical Research
Berrak Bora Basara
Ministry of Health
Hamed Borhany
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Arturo Borzutzky
Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile
Souad Bouaoud
University Ferhat Abbas of Setif
Antoine Boustany
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Christopher Boxe
Howard University
Edward J. Boyko
School of Medicine
Oliver J. Brady
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Dejana Braithwaite
University of Florida
Luisa C. Brant
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Michael Brauer
University of British Columbia (UBC)
Alexandra Brazinova
Comenius University in Bratislava
Javier Brazo-Sayavera
Pablo de Olavide University
Nicholas J. K. Breitborde
Ohio State University
Susanne Breitner
Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich (LMU)
Hermann Brenner
German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ)
Andrey Nikolaevich Briko
Bauman Moscow State Technical University
Nikolay Ivanovich Briko
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
Gabrielle Britton
University of Panama
Julie Brown
The George Institute for Global Health
Traolach S. Brugha
University Of Leicester
Norma B. Bulamu
Flinders University
Lemma N. Bulto
Flinders University
Danilo Buonsenso
Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS
Richard A. Burns
Australian National University
Reinhard Busse
Technische Universität Berlin
Yasser Bustanji
University of Sharjah
Nadeem Shafique Butt
King Abdulaziz University
Zahid A. Butt
University of Waterloo
Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos
Harvard University
Daniela Calina
University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova
Luis Alberto Cámera
Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires
Luciana Aparecida Campos
Technology
Ismael Ricardo Campos-Nonato
National Institute of Public Health
Chao Cao
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
Yin Cao
Washington University in St. Louis
Angelo Capodici
University of Bologna
Rosario Cárdenas
Metropolitan Autonomous University
Sinclair Carr
Harvard University
Giulia Carreras
Prevention and Clinical Network
Juan J. Carrero
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center
Andrea Carugno
Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII (Territorial Healthcare Company Pope John XXIII)
Cristina G. Carvalheiro
University of Sao Paulo (USP)
Felix Carvalho
University of Porto
Márcia Carvalho
University of Porto
Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia
University of Sao Paulo (USP)
Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela
Instituto Nacional de Salud
Giulio Castelpietra
University of Udine
Ferrán Catalá-López
Institute of Health Carlos III
Alberico L. Catapano
University of Milan
Maria Sofia Cattaruzza
Sapienza University of Rome
Christopher R. Cederroth
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center
Luca Cegolon
University of Trieste
Francieli Cembranel
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
Muthia Cenderadewi
Medical
Kelly Cercy
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Ester Cerin
Australian Catholic University
Muge Cevik
University of St Andrews
Joshua Chadwick
Indian Council of Medical Research
Yaacoub Chahine
University of Washington
Chiranjib Chakraborty
Adamas University
Promit Ananyo Chakraborty
University of British Columbia (UBC)
Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan
Cardiovascular Analytics Group
Raymond N. C. Chan
Prince of Wales Hospital
Rama Mohan Chandika
Clinical Nutrition
Eeshwar K. Chandrasekar
University of Rochester
Chin-Kuo Chang
National Taiwan University
Jung-Chen Chang
College of Medicine
Gashaw Sisay Chanie
University of Gondar
Periklis Charalampous
Erasmus University Rotterdam
Vijay Kumar Chattu
Faculty of Medicine
Pankaj Chaturvedi
Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI)
Victoria Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou
University of Manchester
Akhilanand Chaurasia
King George's Medical University
Angela W. Chen
University of Washington
An-Tian Chen
Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences
Catherine S. Chen
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Haowei Chen
Southern Medical University
Meng Xuan Chen
University of Michigan
Simiao Chen
Heidelberg University
Ching-Yu Cheng
Singapore Eye Research Institute
Esther T. W. Cheng
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Nicolas Cherbuin
Australian National University
Wondimye Ashenafi Cheru
Haramaya University
Ju-Huei Chien
Taichung Tzu-Chi Hospital Buddhist Tzu-Chi Medical Foundation
Odgerel Chimed-Ochir
Hiroshima University
Ritesh Chimoriya
Western Sydney University
Patrick R. Ching
Virginia Commonwealth University
Jesus Lorenzo Chirinos-Caceres
Cayetano Heredia University
Abdulaal Chitheer
Ministry of Health
William C.S. Cho
Queen Elizabeth Hospital
Bryan Chong
National University of Singapore (NUS)
Hitesh Chopra
Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences
Sonali Gajanan Choudhari
Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences
Rajiv Chowdhury
Florida International University
Devasahayam J. Christopher
Christian Medical College
Isaac Sunday Chukwu
Federal Medical Centre
Eric Chung
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Erin Chung
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Eunice Chung
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Sheng-Chia Chung
University College London (UCL)
Muhammad Chutiyami
University of Technology Sydney
Zinhle Cindi
University of Pennsylvania
Iolanda Cioffi
University of Milan
Mareli M. Claassens
University of Namibia
Rafael M. Claro
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Kaleb Coberly
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Rebecca M. Cogen
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Alyssa Columbus
Johns Hopkins University
Haley Comfort
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Joao Conde
Nova University of Lisbon
Samuele Cortese
New York University
Paolo Angelo Cortesi
University of Milano-Bicocca
Vera M. Costa
University of Porto
Simona Costanzo
IRCCS Neuromed
Ewerton Cousin
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Rosa A. S. Couto
University of Porto
Richard G. Cowden
University of the Free State
Kenneth Michael Cramer
University of Windsor
Michael H. Criqui
University of California
Natália Cruz-Martins
Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politecnico e Universitario (CESPU) (University Polytechnic Higher Education Cooperative)
Silvia Magali Cuadra-Hernandez
National Institute of Public Health
Garland T. Culbreth
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Patricia Cullen
The George Institute for Global Health
Matthew Cunningham
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Maria Paula Curado
A.C.Camargo Cancer Center
Sriharsha Dadana
Cheyenne Regional Medical Center
Omid Dadras
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Siyu Dai
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Xiaochen Dai
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Zhaoli Dai
Faculty of Medicine and Health
Lachlan L. Dalli
Monash University
Giovanni Damiani
University of Milan
Jiregna Darega Gela
Ambo University
Jai Das
Aga Khan University
Saswati Das
Ministry of Health and Welfare
Subasish Das
Texas State University
Ana Maria Dascalu
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Nihar Ranjan Dash
Clinical Sciences Department
Mohsen Dashti
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Anna Dastiridou
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Gail Davey
Brighton and Sussex Medical School
Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes
Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences Mexico
Nicole Davis Weaver
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Kairat Davletov
Kazakh National Medical University
Diego De Leo
Griffith University
Katie de Luca
CQ University
Aklilu Tamire Debele
Haramaya University
Shayom Debopadhaya
Albany Medical College
Louisa Degenhardt
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Azizallah Dehghan
Fasa University of Medical Sciences
Lee Deitesfeld
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Cristian Del Bo
Manipal Academy of Higher Education
Ivan Delgado-Enciso
University of Colima
Berecha Hundessa Demessa
Jimma University
Andreas K. Demetriades
University of Edinburgh
Ke Deng
The University of Hong Kong
Xinlei Deng
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez
National Institute of Public Health
Niloofar Deravi
School of Medicine
Nebiyu Dereje
Wachemo University
Nikolaos Dervenis
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Emina Dervišević
Blood Vessel and Rheumatic Diseases
Don C. Des Jarlais
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Hardik Dineshbhai Desai
Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences
Rupak Desai
Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center
Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu
Chettinad Academy of Research and Education
Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan
University of Asia Pacific
Arkadeep Dhali
Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism
Kuldeep Dhama
ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute
Meghnath Dhimal
Nepal Health Research Council
Sameer Dhingra
National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research
Vishal R. Dhulipala
The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute
Diana Dias da Silva
Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politecnico e Universitario (CESPU) (University Polytechnic Higher Education Cooperative)
Daniel Diaz
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Michael J. Diaz
University of Florida
Adriana Dima
Bucharest University of Economic Studies
Delaney D. Ding
University of Florida
Huanghe Ding
Harvard University
Ricardo Jorge Dinis-Oliveira
University of Porto
M. Ashworth Dirac
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Shirin Djalalinia
Ministry of Health and Medical Education
Thao Huynh Phuong Do
Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Camila Bruneli do Prado
Federal University of Espírito Santo
Saeid Doaei
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Masoud Dodangeh
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center
Milad Dodangeh
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Sushil Dohare
Jazan University
Klara Dokova
Medical University of Varna
Christiane Dolecek
University of Oxford
Regina-Mae Villanueva Dominguez
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Wanyue Dong
Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Deepa Dongarwar
Human Genetics and Environmental Sciences
Mario D'Oria
University of Trieste
Fariba Dorostkar
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center
E. Ray Dorsey
University of Rochester
Wendel Mombaque dos Santos
Hospital Alemao Oswaldo Cruz (Oswaldo Cruz German Hospital)
Rajkumar Doshi
St Joseph's University Medical Center
Leila Doshmangir
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Robert Kokou Dowou
University of Health and Allied Sciences
Tim Robert Driscoll
The University of Sydney
Haneil Larson Dsouza
Manipal University
Viola Dsouza
Manipal University
Mi Du
University of Adelaide
John Dube
University of Windsor
Bruce B. Duncan
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
Andre Rodrigues Duraes
Federal University of Bahia
Senbagam Duraisamy
SRM Institute of Science and Technology
Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye
University of Sheffield
Laura Dwyer-Lindgren
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Paulina Agnieszka Dzianach
Telethon Kids Institute
Arkadiusz Marian Dziedzic
School of Medicine in Katowice
Abdel Rahman E'Mar
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Ejemai Eboreime
Dalhousie University
Alireza Ebrahimi
Massachusetts General Hospital
Chidiebere Peter Echieh
University of Calabar
Hisham Atan Edinur
University of Science Malaysia
David Edvardsson
Umeå University
Kristina Edvardsson
La Trobe University
Defi Efendi
Universitas Indonesia
Ferry Efendi
La Trobe University
Diyan Ermawan Effendi
Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition
Terje Andreas Eikemo
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
Ebrahim Eini
Ahvaz, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
Michael Ekholuenetale
University of Ibadan
Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo
University of Medical Sciences
Iman El Sayed
Alexandria University
Iffat Elbarazi
United Arab Emirates University
Teshome Bekele Elema
Addis Ababa University
Noha Mousaad Elemam
University of Sharjah
Frank J. Elgar
McGill University
Islam Y. Elgendy
Massachusetts General Hospital
Ghada Metwally Tawfik ElGohary
King Saud University
Hala Rashad Elhabashy
Cairo University
Muhammed Elhadi
University of Tripoli
Waseem El-Huneidi
University of Sharjah
Legesse Tesfaye Elilo
Wachemo University
Omar Abdelsadek Abdou Elmeligy
Alexandria University
Mohamed A. Elmonem
Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM)
Mohammed Elshaer
Mansoura University
Ibrahim Elsohaby
City University of Hong Kong
Theophilus I. Emeto
James Cook University
Luchuo Engelbert Bain
University of Lincoln
Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar
Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences
Christopher Imokhuede Esezobor
University of Lagos
Babak Eshrati
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center
Sharareh Eskandarieh
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Juan Espinosa-Montero
National Institute of Public Health
Habtamu Esubalew
Arba Minch University
Farshid Etaee
Yale University
Natalia Fabin
University of Bologna
Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka
Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe
University of Ibadan
Ayesha Fahim
University of Lahore
Saman Fahimi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Aliasghar Fakhri-Demeshghieh
University of Tehran
Luca Falzone
University of Catania
Mohammad Fareed
Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences
Carla Sofia E Sa Farinha
National Institute of Statistics
MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud Faris
University of Sharjah
Pawan Sirwan Faris
Salahaddin University
Andre Faro
Federal University of Sergipe
Abidemi Omolara Fasanmi
Emory University
Ali Fatehizadeh
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Hamed Fattahi
Ministry of Health and Medical Education
Nelsensius Klau Fauk
Torrens University Australia
Pooria Fazeli
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Valery L. Feigin
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Alireza Feizkhah
Guilan University of Medical Sciences
Ginenus Fekadu
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Xiaoru Feng
Tsinghua University
Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad
Care Sciences and Society
Abdullah Hamid Feroze
Harvard University
Daniela Ferrante
University of Eastern Piedmont
Alize J. Ferrari
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Nuno Ferreira
University of Nicosia
Getahun Fetensa
Wollega University
Bikila Regassa Feyisa
Wollega University
Irina Filip
Kaiser Permanente
Florian Fischer
Institute of Public Health
Joanne Flavel
Stretton Health Equity
David Flood
University of Michigan
Bobirca Teodor Florin
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Nataliya A. Foigt
Academy of Medical Science
Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan
Obafemi Awolowo University
Artem Alekseevich Fomenkov
KA Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology
Behzad Foroutan
Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences
Masoud Foroutan
Abadan School of Medical Sciences
Ingeborg Forthun
Norwegian Institute of Public Health
Daniela Fortuna
Regional Agency for Health and Social Care of Emilia-Romagna
Matteo Foschi
University of L'Aquila
Kayode Raphael Fowobaje
University of Ibadan
Kate Louise Francis
Murdoch Childrens Research Hospital
Richard Charles Franklin
Medical
Alberto Freitas
University of Porto
Joseph Friedman
University of California
Sara D. Friedman
New York University
Takeshi Fukumoto
Kobe University
John E. Fuller
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Blima Fux
Federal University of Espírito Santo
Peter Andras Gaal
Health Services Management Training Centre
Muktar A. Gadanya
Bayero University
Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane
Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences
Santosh Gaihre
University of Aberdeen
Emmanuela Gakidou
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Yaseen Galali
Salahaddin University
Natalie C. Galles
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Silvano Gallus
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri
Mandukhai Ganbat
University of Bern
Aravind P. Gandhi
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
Balasankar Ganesan
Federation University Australia
Mohammad Arfat Ganiyani
Miami Cancer Institute
Ma Garcia-Gordillo
Autonomous University of Chile
William M Gardner
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Jalaj Garg
Medical College of Wisconsin
Naval Garg
Delhi Technological University
Rupesh K. Gautam
Indore Institute of Pharmacy
Semiu Olatunde Gbadamosi
Florida International University
Tilaye Gebru Gebi
Haramaya University
Miglas W. Gebregergis
Adigrat University
Mesfin Gebrehiwot
Wollo University
Teferi Gebru Gebremeskel
Flinders University
Simona Roxana Georgescu
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Tamirat Getachew
Haramaya University
Peter W. Gething
Telethon Kids Institute
Molla Getie
Addis Ababa University
Keyghobad Ghadiri
Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Sulmaz Ghahramani
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Khalid Yaser Ghailan
University of Aden
Mohammad Reza Ghasemi
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Ghazal Ghasempour Dabaghi
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Afsaneh Ghasemzadeh
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Ahmad Ghashghaee
Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
Fariba Ghassemi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Ramy Mohamed Ghazy
Alexandria University
Ajnish Ghimire
Nepal Health Research Council
Sama Ghoba
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Maryam Gholamalizadeh
Cancer Research Center
Asadollah Gholamian
Islamic Azad University
Ali Gholamrezanezhad
University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine
Nasim Gholizadeh
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Mahsa Ghorbani
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Pooyan Ghorbani Vajargah
Guilan University of Medical Sciences
Aloke Gopal Ghoshal
National Allergy Asthma Bronchitis Institute
Paramjit Singh Gill
The University of Warwick
Tiffany K Gill
University of Adelaide
Richard F Gillum
Howard University
Themba G. Ginindza
University of KwaZulu-Natal
Alem Girmay
Aksum University
James C. Glasbey
University of Birmingham
Elena V Gnedovskaya
Third Department of Neurology
Laszlo Göbölös
Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi
Myron Anthony Godinho
The University of Sydney
Amit Goel
Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences
Ali Golchin
Urmia University of Medical Science
Mohamad Goldust
Yale University
Mahaveer Golechha
Indian Institute of Public Health
Pouya Goleij
Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Nelson G. M. Gomes
University of Porto
Philimon N. Gona
University of Massachusetts Boston
Sameer Vali Gopalani
University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
Giuseppe Gorini
Cancer Prevention and Research Institute
Houman Goudarzi
Hokkaido University
Alessandra Carvalho Goulart
University of Sao Paulo (USP)
Barbara Niegia Garcia Goulart
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
Anmol Goyal
Stanford University
Ayman Grada
Boston University
Simon Matthew Graham
University of Liverpool
Michal Grivna
College of Medicine and Health Sciences
Giuseppe Grosso
University of Catania
Shi-Yang Guan
Anhui Medicla University
Giovanni Guarducci
University of Siena
Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari
University of Sulaimani
Mesay Dechasa Gudeta
Haramaya University
Avirup Guha
Ohio State University
Stefano Guicciardi
University of Bologna
Rafael Alves Guimaraes
Federal University of Goiás
Snigdha Gulati
Dignity Health
Damitha Asanga Gunawardane
University of Peradeniya
Sasidhar Gunturu
BronxCare Health System
Cui Guo
The University of Hong Kong
Anish Kumar Gupta
Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University
Bhawna Gupta
Torrens University Australia
Manoj Kumar Gupta
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Mohak Gupta
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
Rajat Das Gupta
University of South Carolina
Rajeev Gupta
Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute
Sapna Gupta
Shriram Institute for Industrial Research
Veer Bala Gupta
Deakin University
Vijai Kumar Gupta
Macquarie University
Vivek Kumar Gupta
Macquarie University
Lami Gurmessa
Wollega University
Reyna Alma Gutiérrez
Ramón de la Fuente Muniz National Institute of Psychiatry
Farrokh Habibzadeh
Middle East Region
Parham Habibzadeh
University of Maryland
Rasool Haddadi
Hamedan University of Medical Sciences
Mostafa Hadei
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Najah R. Hadi
University of Kufa
Nils Haep
Departement of Surgery
Nima Hafezi-Nejad
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Demewoz Haile
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Alemayehu Hailu
University of Bergen
Arya Haj-Mirzaian
Massachusetts General Hospital
Esam S. Halboub
Jazan University
Brian J. Hall
NYU Shanghai
Sebastian Haller
Robert Koch Institut
Rabih Halwani
Clinical Sciences Department
Randah Ribhi Hamadeh
Arabian Gulf University
Sajid Hameed
University Institute of Public Health
Aung Soe Htet
Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University
Erin B. Hamilton
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Chieh Han
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Qiuxia Han
Beijing Chao-yang Hospital
Asif Hanif
University Institute of Public Health
Nasrin Hanifi
Zanjan University of Medical Sciences
Graeme J. Hankey
University of Western Australia
Fahad Hanna
Torrens University Australia
Md Abdul Hannan
Bangladesh Agricultural University
Md Nuruzzaman Haque
University of Rajshahi
Harapan Harapan
Syiah Kuala University
Arief Hargono
Airlangga University
Josep Maria Haro
University of Barcelona
Ahmed I. Hasaballah
Al-Azhar University
Ikramul Hasan
University of Dhaka
M. Tasdik Hasan
Monash University
Hamidreza Hasani
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center
Mohammad Hasanian
Arak University of Medical Sciences
Abdiwahab Hashi
Jigjiga University
Md Saquib Hasnain
Palamau Institute of Pharmacy
Ikrama Hassan
Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital
Soheil Hassanipour
Guilan University of Medical Sciences
Hadi Hassankhani
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Johannes Haubold
Universitats Klinikum Essen und Medizinische Fakultat
Rasmus J. Havmoeller
Skåne University Hospital
Simon I. Hay
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Jiawei He
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Jeffrey J. Hebert
University of New Brunswick
Omar E. Hegazi
Ajman University
Golnaz Heidari
Mohammad Heidari
Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences
Mahsa Heidari-Foroozan
School of Medicine
Bartosz Helfer
University of Wrocław
Delia Hendrie
Curtin University
Brenda Yuliana Herrera-Serna
Universidad Autonoma de Manizales (Autonomous University of Manizales)
Claudiu Herteliu
Bucharest University of Economic Studies
Hamed Hesami
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Kamal Hezam
Taiz University
Catherine L. Hill
University of Adelaide
Yuta Hiraike
University of Tokyo
Ramesh Holla
Manipal Academy of Higher Education
Nobuyuki Horita
Yokohama City University
Md Mahbub Hossain
Nature Study Society of Bangladesh
Sahadat Hossain
University College London (UCL)
Mohammad-Salar Hosseini
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Hassan Hosseinzadeh
University of Wollongong
Mehdi Hosseinzadeh
Duy Tan University
Ahmad Hosseinzadeh Adli
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Mihaela Hostiuc
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Sorin Hostiuc
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Mohamed Hsairi
University Tunis El Manar
Vivian Chiarong Hsieh
China Medical University
Rebecca L. Hsu
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Chengxi Hu
Tsinghua University
Junjie Huang
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Michael Hultström
Uppsala University
Ayesha Humayun
Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute
Tsegaye Gebreyes Hundie
Eka Kotebe General Hospital
Javid Hussain
University of Nizwa
M. Azhar Hussain
Nawfal R. Hussein
University of Zakho
Foziya Mohammed Hussien
Wollo University
Hong-Han Huynh
Hebei University
Bing-Fang Hwang
China Medical University
Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye
University of Ibadan
Khalid S. Ibrahim
University of Zakho
Pulwasha Maria Iftikhar
City University of New York (CUNY)
Desta Ijo
Addis Ababa University
Adalia I. Ikiroma
NHS National Services Scotland
Kevin S. Ikuta
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Paul Chukwudi Ikwegbue
University of Cape Town
Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi
University of Ibadan
Irena M. Ilic
University of Belgrade
Milena D. Ilic
University of Kragujevac
Mohammad Tarique Imam
Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University
Mustapha Immurana
University of Health and Allied Sciences
Sumant Inamdar
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences
Endang Indriasih
Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
Muhammad Iqhrammullah
Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh
Arnaud Iradukunda
University of Burundi
Kenneth Chukwuemeka Iregbu
University of Abuja
Md Rabiul Islam
University of Asia Pacific
Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam
University of Sydney
Farhad Islami
American Cancer Society
Faisal Ismail
Tobruk University
Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail
Asian Institute of Medicine
Hiroyasu Iso
Osaka University
Gaetano Isola
University of Catania
Masao Iwagami
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Chidozie C.D. Iwu
University of Pretoria
Ihoghosa Osamuyi Iyamu
University of British Columbia (UBC)
Mahalaxmi Iyer
Karpagam Academy of Higher Education
J. Linda Merin
Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College & Hospital
Jalil Jaafari
Guilan University of Medical Sciences
Louis Jacob
Dr. D. Y. Patil University
Kathryn H. Jacobsen
University of Richmond
Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Morteza Jafarinia
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Abdollah Jafarzadeh
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Khushleen Jaggi
San Mateo Medical Center
Kasra Jahankhani
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Nader Jahanmehr
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Haitham Jahrami
Arabian Gulf University
Nityanand Jain
Riga Stradins University
Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun
Dubai Municipality
Abhishek Jaiswal
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Elham Jamshidi
Johns Hopkins University
Mark M. Janko
Duke University
Abubakar Ibrahim Jatau
University of Tasmania
Sabzali Javadov
University of Puerto Rico
Tahereh Javaheri
Boston University
Sathish Kumar Jayapal
Ministry of Health
Shubha Jayaram
Government Medical College
Rime Jebai
Florida International University
Sun Ha Jee
Yonsei University
Jayakumar Jeganathan
Manipal University
Anil K. Jha
Saint Vincent Hospital
Ravi Prakash Jha
Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College & Hospital
Heng Jiang
La Trobe University
Yingzhao Jin
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Olatunji Johnson
University of Manchester
Mohammad Jokar
Islamic Azad University
Jost B. Jonas
Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel
Tamas Joo
Health Services Management Training Centre
Abel Joseph
Stanford University
Nitin Joseph
Manipal University
Charity Ehimwenma Joshua
National Open University
Grace Joshy
Australian National University
Jacek Józwiak
University of Opole
Mikk Jürisson
University of Tartu
K. Vaishali
Billingsley Kaambwa
Flinders University
Ali Kabir
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Zubair Kabir
University College Cork
Vidya Kadashetti
Manipal University
Dler Hussein Kadir
Salahaddin University
Rizwan Kalani
University of Washington
Laleh R. Kalankesh
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Leila R. Kalankesh
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Feroze Kaliyadan
College of Medicine
Sanjay Kalra
Chandigarh University
Vineet Kumar Kamal
National Institute of Epidemiology
Sivesh Kathir Kamarajah
Newcastle University
Rajesh Kamath
Manipal Academy of Higher Education
Zahra Kamiab
Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Naser Kamyari
Abadan School of Medical Sciences
Thanigaivelan Kanagasabai
Meharry Medical College
Tanuj Kanchan
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Himal Kandel
The University of Sydney
Arun R. Kanmanthareddy
Creighton University
Edmund Wedam Kanmiki
Institute for Social Science Research
Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi
University of Puthisastra
S. Suthanthira Kannan
ESIC Medical College and Hospital Chennai
Sushil Kumar Kansal
Panjab University
Rami S. Kantar
Nab'a Al-Hayat Foundation for Medical Sciences and Health Care
Neeti Kapoor
Government Institute of Forensic Science
Mehrdad Karajizadeh
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Shama D. Karanth
University of Florida
Reema A. Karasneh
Yarmouk University
Ibraheem M. Karaye
Hofstra University
Andre Karch
University of Münster
Asima Karim
University of Sharjah
Salah Eddin Karimi
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Arman Karimi Behnagh
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center
Faizan Zaffar Kashoo
Majmaah University
Qalandar Hussein Abdulkarim Kasnazani
Anwar Shyxa Medical City
Hengameh Kasraei
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center
Nicholas J. Kassebaum
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Molly B. Kassel
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Joonas H. Kauppila
Karolinska Institutet
Navjot Kaur
Dr B R Ambedkar State Institute of Medical Sciences
Norito Kawakami
University of Tokyo
Gbenga A. Kayode
Institute of Human Virology Nigeria
Foad Kazemi
Sina Kazemian
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Tahseen Haider Kazmi
Shalamar Medical & Dental College
Getu Mosisa Kebebew
Wollega University
Adera Debella Kebede
Haramaya University
Fassikaw Kebede
Woldia University
Tibebeselassie S. Keflie
University of Hohenheim
Peter Njenga Keiyoro
University of Nairobi
Cathleen Keller
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Jaimon Terence Kelly
University of Queensland
John H. Kempen
Harvard Medical School
Jessica A. Kerr
Murdoch Childrens Research Hospital
Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and the Environment (INRAE)
Himanshu Khajuria
Amity University
Amirmohammad Khalaji
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Nauman Khalid
Abu Dhabi University
Anees Ahmed Khalil
University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences
Alireza Khalilian
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Faham Khamesipour
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Ajmal Khan
School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences
Asaduzzaman Khan
School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences
Gulfaraz Khan
United Arab Emirates University
Ikramullah Khan
Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan
Imteyaz A. Khan
Rutgers University
M. Nuruzzaman Khan
Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Maseer Khan
Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Mohammad Jobair Khan
Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University
Moien AB Khan
United Arab Emirates University
Zeeshan Ali Khan
University of Chicago
Mahammed Ziauddin Khan Suheb
St Luke's Aurora Medical Center
Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Khaled Khatab
Sheffield Hallam University
Fatemeh Khatami
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Haitham Khatatbeh
Jerash University
Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh
Yarmouk University
Armin Khavandegar
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Feriha Fatima Khidri
Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences
Elaheh Khodadoust
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center
Mohammad Khorgamphar
University of California
Moein Khormali
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Zahra Khorrami
Ophthalmology and Vision Science
Ahmad Khosravi
Shahroud University of Medical Sciences
Mohammad Ali Khosravi
Pasteur Institute of Iran
Zemene Demelash Kifle
University of Gondar
Grace Kim
CASE School of Medicine
Jihee Kim
University College London (UCL)
Kwanghyun Kim
Yonsei University
Min Seo Kim
Broad Institute
Yun Jin Kim
Xiamen University Malaysia
Ruth W. Kimokoti
Millennium Prevention
Kasey E. Kinzel
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Adnan Kisa
Kristiania University College
Sezer Kisa
Oslo Metropolitan University
Desmond Klu
University of Health and Allied Sciences
Ann Kristin Skrindo Knudsen
Norwegian Institute of Public Health
Jonathan M. Kocarnik
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Sonali Kochhar
University of Washington
Timea Kocsis
Semmelweis University
David S. Q. Koh
National University of Singapore (NUS)
Ali-Asghar Kolahi
Social Determinants of Health Research Center
Kairi Kolves
Griffith University
Farzad Kompani
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Gerbrand Koren
Utrecht University
Soewarta Kosen
National Institute of Health Research and Development
Karel Kostev
IQVIA
Parvaiz A. Koul
Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences
Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana
Manipal Academy of Higher Education
Kewal Krishan
Panjab University
Hare Krishna
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Varun Krishna
Manipal University
Vijay Krishnamoorthy
Duke University
Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy
Partnership for Research
Kristopher J. Krohn
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Barthelemy Kuate Defo
Université de Montréal
Burcu Kucuk Bicer
Gazi University
Md Abdul Kuddus
University of Rajshahi
Mohammed Kuddus
University of Rajshahi
Ilari Kuitunen
Kuopio University Hospital
Mukhtar Kulimbet
Kazakh National Medical University
Vishnutheertha Kulkarni
Queensland Health
Akshay Kumar
UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center
Ashish Kumar
UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center
Harish Kumar
Shri Vishwakarma Skill University
Manasi Kumar
University College London (UCL)
Rakesh Kumar
University of Hail
Madhulata Kumari
Amity University Rajasthan
Fantahun Tarekegn Kumie
Bahar Dar University
Satyajit Kundu
North South University
Om P. Kurmi
Coventry University
Asep Kusnali
Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
Dian Kusuma
Universitas Indonesia
Alexander Kwarteng
Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology
Ilias Kyriopoulos
London School of Economics and Political Science
Hmwe Hmwe Kyu
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Carlo La Vecchia
University of Milan
Ben Lacey
University of Oxford
Muhammad Awwal Ladan
Bayero University
Lucie Laflamme
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center
Abraham K. Lagat
International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT)
Anton C. J. Lager
Karolinska Institutet
Abdelilah Lahmar
University of Medicine
Daphne Teck Ching Lai
Bandar Seri Begawan
Dharmesh Kumar Lal
Indian Council of Medical Research
Ratilal Lalloo
School of Dentistry
Tea Lallukka
University of Helsinki
Hilton Lam
University of the Philippines Manila
Judit Lám
Health Services Management Training Centre
Kelsey R. Landrum
Duke University
Francesco Lanfranchi
University of Genoa
Justin J. Lang
Public Health Agency of Canada
Berthold Langguth
University of Regensburg
Van Charles Lansingh
HelpMeSee
Ariane Laplante-Lévesque
Linköping University
Bagher Larijani
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Anders Larsson
Uppsala University
Savita Lasrado
Father Muller Medical College
Zohra S. Lassi
University of Adelaide
Kamaluddin Latief
Hebei University
Kaveh Latifinaibin
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center
Paolo Lauriola
International Society Doctors for the Environment
Nhi Huu Hanh Le
University of Helsinki
Thao Thi Thu Le
University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City
Trang Diep Thanh Le
University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City
Caterina Ledda
'GF Ingrassia' University of Catania
Jorge R. Ledesma
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Munjae Lee
Ajou University School of Medicine
Paul H. Lee
University Of Leicester
Seung Won Lee
Sungkyunkwan University
Shaun Wen Huey Lee
Monash University Malaysia
Wei-Chen Lee
University of Texas Medical Branch
Yo Han Lee
Kate E. LeGrand
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
James Leigh
The University of Sydney
Elvynna Leong
Universiti Brunei Darussalam
Temesgen L. Lerango
Dilla University
Ming-Chieh Li
National Taiwan Normal University
Wei Li
Yale University
Xiaopan Li
Fudan University
Yichong Li
National Cancer Center/Cancer Hospital
Zhihui Li
Harvard University
Virendra S. Ligade
Manipal University
Andrew Tiyamike Makhiringa Likaka
Ministry of Health
Lee-Ling Lim
University of Malaya
Stephen S. Lim
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Megan Lindstrom
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Christine Linehan
University College Dublin
Chaojie Liu
La Trobe University
Gang Liu
University of Technology Sydney
Jue Liu
Beijing University of Technology
Runben Liu
Renmin Hospital
Shiwei Liu
Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention
Xiaofeng Liu
Massachusetts General Hospital
Xuefeng Liu
Massachusetts General Hospital
Erand Llanaj
German Institute of Human Nutrition
Michael J. Loftus
Monash University
Ruben Lopez-Bueno
University of Zaragoza
Platon D. Lopukhov
Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University
Arianna Maever Loreche
University of the Philippines Manila
Stefan Lorkowski
Friedrich Schiller University Jena
Paulo A. Lotufo
University of Sao Paulo (USP)
Rafael Lozano
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Jailos Lubinda
Telethon Kids Institute
Giancarlo Lucchetti
Federal University of Juiz de Fora
Alessandra Lugo
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri
Raimundas Lunevicius
University of Liverpool
Zheng Feei Ma
University of the West of England
Kelsey Lynn Maass
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Nikolaos Machairas
University of Athens
Monika Machoy
Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin
Farzan Madadizadeh
Yazd University
Christian Madsen
Norwegian Institute of Public Health
Aurea M. Madureira-Carvalho
Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politecnico e Universitario (CESPU) (University Polytechnic Higher Education Cooperative)
Azzam A. Maghazachi
Clinical Sciences Department
Sandeep B. Maharaj
University of West Indies
Soleiman Mahjoub
Babol University of Medical Sciences
Mansour Adam Mahmoud
Taibah University
Alireza Mahmoudi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Elham Mahmoudi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Razzagh Mahmoudi
Qazvin University of Medical Sciences
Azeem Majeed
Imperial College London
Irsa Fatima Makhdoom
University of Sargodha
Elaheh Malakan Rad
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Venkatesh Maled
Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University
Reza Malekzadeh
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Armaan K. Malhotra
University of Toronto
Kashish Malhotra
Dayanand Medical College and Hospital
Ahmad Azam Malik
King Abdulaziz University
Iram Malik
Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University
Deborah Carvalho Malta
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Abdullah A. Mamun
Institute for Social Science Research
Pejman Mansouri
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Mohammad Ali Mansournia
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Lorenzo G. Mantovani
Instituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS (Italian Auxological Institute)
Sajid Maqsood
United Arab Emirates University
Bishnu P. Marasini
Tribhuvan University
Hamid R. Marateb
Polytechnic University of Catalonia
Joemer C Maravilla
Institute for Social Science Research
Agustina M. Marconi
University of Wisconsin Madison
Parham Mardi
Alborz University of Medical Sciences
Mirko Marino
University of Milan
Abdoljalal Marjani
Golestan University of Medical Sciences
Gabriel Martinez
Instituto Tecnológico Autónomo de México (ITAM)
Bernardo Alfonso Martinez-Guerra
Instituto Nacional de la Nutricion Salvador Zubiran
Ramon Martinez-Piedra
Pan American Health Organization
Daniela Martini
University of Milan
Santi Martini
Airlangga University
Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo
Science and Technology of Ceara
Miquel Martorell
University of Concepcion
Wolfgang Marx
Deakin University
Sharmeen Maryam
Bahauddin Zakariya University
Roy Rillera Marzo
Curtin University
Anthony Masaka
Botho University
Awoke Masrie
Haramaya University
Stephanie Mathieson
Kolling Instiitute of Medical Research
Alexander G. Mathioudakis
University of Manchester
Manu Raj Mathur
University of Liverpool
Jishanth Mattumpuram
University of Louisville
Richard Matzopoulos
Burden of Disease Research Unit
Richard James Maude
University of Oxford
Andrea Maugeri
'GF Ingrassia' University of Catania
Pallab K. Maulik
University of New South Wales (UNSW)
Mahsa Mayeli
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Maryam Mazaheri
Dezful University of Medical Sciences
Mohsen Mazidi
King's College London
John J. McGrath
University of Queensland
Martin McKee
London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Anna Laura W. McKowen
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Susan A. McLaughlin
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Steven M. McPhail
Queensland Health
Enkeleint A. Mechili
University of Vlora
John Robert Carabeo Medina
University of the Philippines Manila
Rishi P. Mediratta
Stanford University
Jitendra Kumar Meena
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Rahul Mehra
Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University)
Kamran Mehrabani-Zeinabad
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Entezar Mehrabi Nasab
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Tesfahun Mekene Meto
Arba Minch University
Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles
Mekelle University
Max Alberto Mendez Mendez-Lopez
Kantonsspital St Gallen
Walter Mendoza
United Nations Population Fund
Ritesh G. Menezes
Division of Forensic Medicine
Belayneh Mengist
Debre Markos University
Alexios-Fotios A. Mentis
BGI Genomics
Sultan Ayoub Meo
King Saud University
Haftu Asmerom Meresa
Haramaya University
Atte Meretoja
University of Melbourne
Tuomo J. Meretoja
University of Helsinki
Abera M. Mersha
Arba Minch University
Bezawit Afework Mesfin
Arba Minch University
Tomislav Mestrovic
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Kukulege Chamila Dinushi Mettananda
University of Kelaniya
Sachith Mettananda
University of Kelaniya
Peter Meylakhs
New York University
Adquate Mhlanga
Loyola University of Chicago
Laurette Mhlanga
Stellenbosch University
Tianyue Mi
University of South Carolina
Tomasz Miazgowski
Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin
Georgia Micha
Helena Venizelou General and Maternity Hospital
Irmina Maria Michalek
National Cancer Registry
Ted R. Miller
Curtin University
Edward J. Mills
McMaster University
Le Huu Nhat Minh
Taipei Medical University
G.K. Mini
Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences
Pouya Mir Mohammad Sadeghi
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Andreea Mirica
Bucharest University of Economic Studies
Antonio Mirijello
IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza General Hospital (IRCCS Home for the Relief of Suffering General Hospital)
Erkin M. Mirrakhimov
Kyrgyz State Medical Academy
Mizan Kiros Mirutse
Federal Ministry of Health
Maryam Mirzaei
Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Awoke Misganaw
Ethiopian Public Health Institute
Ashim Mishra
Manipal University
Sanjeev Misra
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Philip B. Mitchell
University of New South Wales
Prasanna Mithra
Manipal University
Chaitanya Mittal
Dr B C Roy Multi-Specialty Medical Research Centre
Mohammadreza Mobayen
Guilan University of Medical Sciences
Madeline E. Moberg
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Ashraf Mohamadkhani
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Jama Mohamed
University of Hargeisa
Mouhand F.H. Mohamed
The Warren Alpert Medical School
Nouh Saad Mohamed
Sirius Training and Research Centre
Sakineh Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Soheil Mohammadi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani
Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences
Noushin Mohammadifard
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Hassen Mohammed
University of Adelaide
Hussen Mohammed
University of Adelaide
Mustapha Mohammed
Qatar University
Salahuddin Mohammed
Technische Universität Berlin
Shafiu Mohammed
Technische Universität Berlin
Viswanathan Mohan
Madras Diabetes Research Foundation
Hoda Mojiri-Forushani
Abadan School of Medical Sciences
Amin Mokari
Urmia University of Medical Science
Ali H. Mokdad
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Sabrina Molinaro
Istituto di Fisiologia Clinica del CNR
Mariam Molokhia
Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine
Sara Momtazmanesh
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Lorenzo Monasta
IRCCS Burlo Garofolo
Stefania Mondello
University of Messina
Mohammad Ali Moni
School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences
Amir Ali Moodi Ghalibaf
Birjand University of Medical Sciences
Maryam Moradi
Tehran
Yousef Moradi
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Maziar Moradi-Lakeh
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center
Maliheh Moradzadeh
Golestan University of Medical Sciences
Paula Moraga
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Lidia Morawska
Queensland University of Technology (QUT)
Rafael Silveira Moreira
Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca
Negar Morovatdar
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Shane D. Morrison
University of Washington
Jonathan F. Mosser
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Rohith Motappa
Manipal University
Vincent Mougin
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Simin Mouodi
Babol University of Medical Sciences
Parsa Mousavi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Seyed Ehsan Mousavi
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology State Research Institute
Emmanuel A. Mpolya
Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology
Matías Mrejen
Instituto de Estudos para Politicas de Saude
Sumaira Mubarik
University of Groningen
Lorenzo Muccioli
University of Bologna
Ulrich O. Mueller
Federal Institute for Population Research
Faraz Mughal
Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health
Sumoni Mukherjee
Prahlad Omkarwati Foundation
Francesk Mulita
General University Hospital of Patras
Kavita Munjal
Amity University
Efren Murillo-Zamora
Mexican Institute of Social Security
Fungai Musaigwa
University of Pennsylvania
Khaled M. Musallam
Burjeel Medical City
Ahmad Mustafa
Staten Island University Hospital Northwell Health
Ghulam Mustafa
Shaqra University
Saravanan Muthupandian
University of Tabuk
Raman Muthusamy
Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences
Muhammad Muzaffar
Woojae Myung
Seoul National University
Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan
Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development
Gabriele Nagel
University of Ulm
Pirouz Naghavi
University of Florida
Aliya Naheed
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh
Ganesh R. Naik
Western Sydney University
Gurudatta A. Naik
University of Alabama at Birmingham
Firzan Nainu
Hasanuddin University
Sanjeev Nair
Government Medical College Trivandrum
Hastyar Hama Rashid Najmuldeen
Cihan University-Sulaimaniya
Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Vinay Nangia
Suraj Eye Institute
Atta Abbas Naqvi
University of Reading
Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy
Government Medical College
Aparna Ichalangod Narayana
Manipal Academy of Higher Education
Shumaila Nargus
University Institute of Public Health
Bruno Ramos Nascimento
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Gustavo G. Nascimento
Duke-NUS Medical School
Samar Nasehi
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Abdulqadir J. Nashwan
Hamad Medical Corporation
Zuhair S. Natto
Harvard University
Javaid Nauman
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
Muhammad Naveed
University of Central Punjab
Biswa Prakash Nayak
Amity University
Vinod C. Nayak
Manipal University
Athare Nazri-Panjaki
Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
Rawlance Ndejjo
Makerere University
Sabina Onyinye Nduaguba
West Virginia University
Hadush Negash
Adigrat University
Ionut Negoi
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Ruxandra Irina Negoi
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Serban Mircea Negru
Universitatea de Medicina si Farmacie Victor Babes din Timisoara
Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi
School of Medicine
Chakib Nejjari
Euromed University of Fes
Evangelia Nena
Democritus University of Thrace
Samata Nepal
Kathmandu University
Marie Ng
National University of Singapore (NUS)
Haruna Asura Nggada
University of Maiduguri
Georges Nguefack-Tsague
Universite de Yaounde I
Josephine Wanjiku Ngunjiri
University of Embu
Anh Hoang Nguyen
Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Dang H. Nguyen
University of South Florida
Hau Thi Hien Nguyen
Duy Tan University
Phat Tuan Nguyen
Danang Family Hospital
Van Thanh Nguyen
Robina Khan Niazi
International Islamic University Islamabad
Katie R. Nielsen
University of Washington
Yeshambel T. Nigatu
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health
Taxiarchis Konstantinos Nikolouzakis
University of Crete
Ali Nikoobar
Social Determinants of Health Research Center
Fatemeh Nikoomanesh
Birjand University of Medical Sciences
Amin Reza Nikpoor
Queen's University
Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum
Taipei Medical University
Chukwudi A. Nnaji
South African Medical Research Council
Lawrence Achilles Nnyanzi
Teesside University
Efaq Ali Noman
Taiz University
Shuhei Nomura
University of Tokyo
Mamoona Noreen
The Women University Multan
Nafise Noroozi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Bo Norrving
Lund University
Jean Jacques N. Noubiap
University of Adelaide
Amanda Novotney
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Chisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi
Nnamdi Azikiwe University
George Ntaios
University of Thessaly
Mpiko Ntsekhe
University of Cape Town
Virginia Nuñez-Samudio
Institute of Medical Sciences
Dieta Nurrika
Banten School of Health Science
Jerry John Nutor
University of California
Bogdan Oancea
Universitatea din Bucuresti
Kehinde O. Obamiro
James Cook University
Mary Aigbiremo Oboh
Medical Research Council Unit
Ismail A. Odetokun
University of Ilorin
Nkechi Martina Odogwu
Mayo Clinic
Martin J. O'Donnell
National University of Ireland
Michael Safo Oduro
Pfizer Research & Development
Akinyemi O.D. Ofakunrin
University of Jos
Abiola Ogunkoya
University of Ibadan
Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade
University College Hospital
In-Hwan Oh
Kyung Hee University
Hassan Okati-Aliabad
Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
Sylvester Reuben Okeke
University of New South Wales (UNSW)
Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle
University of Ibadan
Osaretin Christabel Okonji
University of the Western Cape
Andrew T. Olagunju
University of Lagos
Muideen Tunbosun Olaiya
Monash University
Matthew Idowu Olatubi
Bowen University
Gláucia Maria Moraes Oliveira
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro
Isaac Iyinoluwa Olufadewa
University of Ibadan
Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya
Centre for Healthy Start Initiative
Jacob Olusegun Olusanya
Centre for Healthy Start Initiative
Yinka Doris Oluwafemi
University of Medical Sciences
Hany A. Omar
Beni-Suef University
Ahmed Omar Bali
University of Human Development
Goran Latif Omer
University of Sulaimani
Maureene Auma Ondayo
Moi University
Sok King Ong
Ministry of Health
Obinna E. Onwujekwe
Nsukka
Kenneth Ikenna Onyedibe
Mercer University School of Medicine
Michal Ordak
Medical University of Warsaw
Orish Ebere Orisakwe
University of Port Harcourt
Verner N. Orish
University of Health and Allied Sciences
Doris V. Ortega-Altamirano
National Institute of Public Health
Alberto Ortiz
Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM)
Wael M. S. Osman
Khalifa University
Samuel M. Ostroff
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu
Western Sydney University
Adrian Otoiu
Bucharest University of Economic Studies
Nikita Otstavnov
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Stanislav S Otstavnov
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Amel Ouyahia
University Ferhat Abbas of Setif
Guoqing Ouyang
Central South University
Mayowa Ojo Owolabi
University of Ibadan
Yaz Ozten
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
P.A. Mahesh Padukudru
JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research
Alicia Padron-Monedero
Institute of Health Carlos III
Jagadish Rao Padubidri
Kasturba Medical College
Pramod Kumar Pal
National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences
Tamás Palicz
Health Services Management Training Centre
Claudia Palladino
University of Lisbon
Raffaele Palladino
Imperial College London
Raul Felipe Palma-Alvarez
Vall d'Hebron University Hospital
Feng Pan
University of Tasmania
Hai-Feng Pan
Anhui Medical University
Adrian Pana
Babeș-Bolyai University
Paramjot Panda
Asian Institute of Public Health University
Songhomitra Panda-Jonas
Privatpraxis
Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal
Saveetha Medical College and Hospital
Helena Ullyartha Pangaribuan
Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
Georgios D. Panos
Nottingham University Hospitals Queen's Medical Centre Campus
Leonidas D. Panos
University of Bern
Ioannis Pantazopoulos
University of Bern
Anca Mihaela Pantea Stoian
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Paraskevi Papadopoulou
University of Athens
Romil R. Parikh
University of Minnesota
Seoyeon Park
Stanford University
Ashwaghosha Parthasarathi
Rutgers University
Ava Pashaei
University of British Columbia (UBC)
Maja Pasovic
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Roberto Passera
University of Torino
Deepak Kumar Pasupula
MercyOne North Iowa Medical Center
Hemal M. Patel
Charotar University of Science and Technology
Jay Patel
University of Edinburgh
Sangram Kishor Patel
Gender and Youth
Shankargouda Patil
Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences
Dimitrios Patoulias
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Venkata Suresh Patthipati
Advent Health
Uttam Paudel
Tribhuvan University
Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center
Spencer A. Pease
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Amy E. Peden
University of New South Wales (UNSW)
Paolo Pedersini
Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus
Umberto Pensato
Humanitas Research Hospital
Veincent Christian Filipino Pepito
Ateneo de Manila University
Emmanuel K. Peprah
New York University
Prince Peprah
University of New South Wales (UNSW)
Joao Perdigao
University of Lisbon
Marcos Pereira
Federal University of Bahia
Mario F.P. Peres
University of Sao Paulo (USP)
Arokiasamy Perianayagam
International Institute for Population Sciences
Norberto Perico
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri
Richard G. Pestell
Baruch S Blumberg Institute
Konrad Pesudovs
University of New South Wales (UNSW)
Fanny Emily Petermann-Rocha
Universidad Diego Portales (Diego Portales University)
William A. Petri
University of Virginia
Hoang Tran Pham
Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine
Anil K. Philip
University of Nizwa
Michael R. Phillips
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Daniela Pierannunzio
Istituto Superiore Di Sanita
Manon Pigeolet
Harvard Medical School
David M. Pigott
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Thomas Pilgrim
UniversitatsSpital Bern
Zahra Zahid Piracha
International Center of Medical Sciences Research
Michael A. Piradov
Research Center of Neurology
Saeed Pirouzpanah
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Nishad Plakkal
Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research
Evgenii Plotnikov
Tomsk Polytechnic University
Vivek Podder
University of Adelaide
Dimitri Poddighe
Nazarbayev University
Suzanne Polinder
Erasmus University Rotterdam
Kevan R Polkinghorne
Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences
Ramesh Poluru
The INCLEN Trust International
Ville T. Ponkilainen
University of Tampere
Fabio Porru
Erasmus University Rotterdam
Maarten J. Postma
Padjadjaran University
Govinda Raj Poudel
Australian Catholic University
Akram Pourshams
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Naeimeh Pourtaheri
Bam University of Medical Sciences
Sergio I. Prada
Valle del Lili Foundation
Pranil Man Singh Pradhan
Tribhuvan University
Thejeswar N. Prakasham
Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research
Manya Prasad
Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences
Akila Prashant
JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research
Elton Junio Sady Prates
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Daniel Prieto Alhambra
Erasmus University Rotterdam
Tina Priscilla
Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research
Natalie Pritchett
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Bharathi M. Purohit
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Jagadeesh Puvvula
University of Pennsylvania
Nameer Hashim Qasim
Cihan University-Sulaimaniya
Ibrahim Qattea
Case Western Reserve University
Asma Saleem Qazi
National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS)
Gangzhen Qian
Third Military Medical University
Suli Qiu
Sun Yat-Sen University
Maryam Faiz Qureshi
Western University of Health Sciences
Mehrdad Rabiee Rad
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Amir Radfar
University of Central Florida
Raghu Anekal Radhakrishnan
Manipal Academy of Higher Education
Venkatraman Radhakrishnan
Hadi Raeisi Shahraki
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Quinn Rafferty
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Alberto Raggi
Carlo Besta Neurological Institute
Pankaja Raghav Raghav
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Nasiru Raheem
Mobiddo Adama University Teaching Hospital -Yola
Fakher Rahim
Cihan University-Sulaimaniya
Md Jillur Rahim
University of Alabama
V. Rahimi-Movaghar
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Md Mosfequr Rahman
La Trobe University
Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman
La Trobe University
Mosiur Rahman
La Trobe University
Muhammad Aziz Rahman
La Trobe University
Amir Masoud Rahmani
National Yunlin University of Science and Technology
Shayan Rahmani
School of Medicine
Vahid Rahmanian
Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences
Sathish Rajaa
Employees' State Insurance Model Hospital
Prashant Rajput
Centre for Chronic Disease Control
Ivo Rakovac
World Health Organization (WHO)
Shakthi Kumaran Ramasamy
Stanford University
Sheena Ramazanu
National University of Singapore (NUS)
Kritika Rana
Western Sydney University
Chhabi Lal Ranabhat
Policy Research Institute
Nemanja Rancic
University of Defence in Belgrade
Amey Rane
Agios Pharmaceuticals
Chythra R. Rao
Manipal University
Indu Ramachandra Rao
Manipal University
Mithun Rao
Manipal Academy of Higher Education
Sowmya J. Rao
Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital
Drona Prakash Rasali
University of British Columbia (UBC)
Davide Rasella
Federal University of Bahia
Sina Rashedi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Vahid Rashedi
University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences
Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi
Social Determinants of Health Research Center
Ashkan Rasouli-Saravani
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Azad Rasul
Soran University
Giridhara Rathnaiah Babu
Qatar University
Santosh Kumar Rauniyar
University of Tokyo
Ramin Ravangard
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Nakul Ravikumar
University of Chicago
David Rawaf
Imperial College London
Salman Rawaf
Imperial College London
Lal Rawal
Central Queensland University (CQUniversity)
Reza Rawassizadeh
Boston University
Bharat Rawlley
SUNY Albany
Rabail Zehra Raza
National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS)
Christian Razo
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Redwan
King Abdulaziz University
Faizan Ur Rehman
Umm Al-Qura University
Lennart Reifels
University of Melbourne
Robert C. Reiner
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Giuseppe Remuzzi
Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri
Luis Felipe Reyes
Universidad de La Sabana (Savannah University)
Maryam Rezaei
Birjand University of Medical Sciences
Nazila Rezaei
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Negar Rezaei
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Mohsen Rezaeian
Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Taeho Gregory Rhee
Yale University
Mavra A. Riaz
University of Lahore
Antonio Luiz P. Ribeiro
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Jennifer Rickard
University of Minnesota
Hannah R. Riva
Texas Tech University
Hannah Elizabeth Robinson-Oden
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Celia Fortuna Rodrigues
University of Porto
Monica Rodrigues
University of Coimbra
Leonardo Roever
Lebanese American University
Emma Lynn Best Rogowski
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Peter Rohloff
Harvard University
Debby Syahru Romadlon
Chulalongkorn University
Esperanza Romero-Rodriguez
Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC)
Michele Romoli
Maurizio Bufalini Hospital
Luca Ronfani
IRCCS Burlo Garofolo
Gholamreza Roshandel
Golestan University of Medical Sciences
Gregory A. Roth
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Himanshu Sekhar Rout
Utkal University
Nitai Roy
Patuakhali Science and Technology University
Priyanka Roy
Directorate of Factories
Enrico Rubagotti
Colombian Agricultural Research Corporation
Guilherme de Andrade Ruela
Federal University of Juiz de Fora
Susan Fred Rumisha
Telethon Kids Institute
Tilleye Runghien
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Godfrey M. Rwegerera
University of Botswana
Andrzej Rynkiewicz
University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn
S.N. Chandan
JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research
Aly M.A. Saad
Zagazig University
Zahra Saadatian
Gonabad University of Medical Sciences
Korosh Saber
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Maha Mohamed Saber-Ayad
Clinical Sciences Department
Morteza SaberiKamarposhti
Multimedia University
Siamak Sabour
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Simona Sacco
University of L'Aquila
Perminder S. Sachdev
University of New South Wales
Rajesh Sachdeva
Department of Veterans Affairs
Basema Saddik
College of Medicine
Adam Saddler
Telethon Kids Institute
Bashdar Abuzed Sadee
Salahaddin University
Ehsan Sadeghi
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Erfan Sadeghi
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Farideh Sadeghian
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Mohammad Reza Saeb
Medical University of Gdańsk
Umar Saeed
Foundation University
Fahimeh Safaeinejad
Traditional Medicine and Materia Medica Research Center
Sher Zaman Safi
Bioscience and Nursing
Rajesh Sagar
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Amene Saghazadeh
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Dominic Sagoe
University of Bergen
Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari
Sharjah Institute of Medical Sciences
Narjes Saheb Sharif-Askari
Clinical Sciences Department
Amirhossein Sahebkar
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Soumya Swaroop Sahoo
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Umakanta Sahoo
International Institute for Population Sciences
Monalisha Sahu
All India Institute of Hygiene & Public Health
Zahra Saif
Mirza Rizwan Sajid
University of Gujrat
Joseph W. Sakshaug
The University of Warwick
Nasir Salam
Jamia Millia Islamia
Payman Salamati
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Afeez Abolarinwa Salami
University College Hospital
Luciane B. Salaroli
Federal University of Espírito Santo
Mohamed A. Saleh
College of Medicine
Sana Salehi
University of Southern California
Marwa Rashad Salem
Cairo University
Mohammed Z.Y. Salem
University College of Applied Sciences
Sohrab Salimi
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Hossein Samadi Kafil
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Sara Samadzadeh
Saad Samargandy
King Abdulaziz University
Yoseph Leonardo Samodra
Taipei Medical University
Abdallah M. Samy
Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
Juan Sanabria
Case Western Reserve University
Francesca Sanna
Telethon Kids Institute
Damian Santomauro
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Itamar S. Santos
University of Sao Paulo (USP)
Milena M. Santric-Milicevic
University of Belgrade
Bruno Piassi Sao Jose
Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
Made Ary Sarasmita
Taipei Medical University
Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy
PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research
Aswini Saravanan
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Babak Saravi
University of Freiburg
Yaser Sarikhani
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Tanmay Sarkar
West Bengal State Council of Technical Education
Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suárez
Faculty of Medicine
Gargi Sachin Sarode
Dr. D. Y. Patil University
Sachin C. Sarode
Dr. D. Y. Patil University
Arash Sarveazad
Iran University of Medical Sciences
Brijesh Sathian
Hamad Medical Corporation
Thirunavukkarasu Sathish
Emory University
Maheswar Satpathy
Utkal University
Abu Sayeed
Patuakhali Science and Technology University
Md Abu Sayeed
Australian National University
Mete Saylan
Bayer Turkey
Mehdi Sayyah
Ahvaz, Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences
Benedikt Michael Schaarschmidt
Columbia University
Markus P. Schlaich
University of Western Australia
Benedikt Michael Schaarschmidt
Universitats Klinikum Essen und Medizinische Fakultat
Winfried Schlee
University of Regensburg
Maria Inês Schmidt
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)
Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
Art Schuermans
Massachusetts General Hospital
Austin E. Schumacher
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Aletta Elisabeth Schutte
University of New South Wales (UNSW)
Michael Schwarzinger
University Hospital of Bordeaux
David C. Schwebel
University of Alabama
Falk Schwendicke
Klinikum der Universitat Munchen
Mario Sekerija
University of Zagreb
Siddharthan Selvaraj
Asian Institute of Medicine
Sabyasachi Senapati
Central University of Punjab
Subramanian Senthilkumaran
Manian Medical Centre
Sadaf G. Sepanlou
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Dragos Serban
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Yashendra Sethi
Government Doon Medical College
Feng Sha
Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology
Maryam Shabany
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Amir Shafaat
Isfahan University of Medical Sciences
Mahan Shafie
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Nilay S. Shah
Northwestern University
Pritik A. Shah
Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences
Syed Mahboob Shah
United Arab Emirates University
Saeed Shahabi
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Ataollah Shahbandi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Izza Shahid
Houston Methodist Academic Institute
Samiah Shahid
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
Wajeehah Shahid
University of Lahore
Hamid R. Shahsavari
Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, Zanjan
Moyad Jamal Shahwan
Ajman University
Ahmed Shaikh
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Masood Ali Shaikh
Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC)
Alireza Shakeri
Shahid Beheshti University
Ali S. Shalash
Ain Shams University
Sunder Sham
Northwell Health
Muhammad Aaqib Shamim
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Mehran Shams-Beyranvand
Alborz University of Medical Sciences
Hina Shamshad
University of Karachi
Mohammad Anas Shamsi
Ajman University
Mohd Shanawaz
Jazan University
Abhishek Shankar
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Sadaf Sharfaei
Harvard University
Amin Sharifan
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Javad Sharifi-Rad
University of Azuay
Rajesh Sharma
Delhi Technological University
Saurab Sharma
University of New South Wales (UNSW)
Ujjawal Sharma
Central University of Punjab
Vishal Sharma
Panjab University
Rajesh P. Shastry
Yenepoya University
Amin Shavandi
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
Maryam Shayan
Ophthalmic Research Center (ORC)
Amr Mohamed Elsayed Shehabeldine
Al-Azhar University
Aziz Sheikh
Harvard University
Rahim Ali Sheikhi
Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences
Jiabin Shen
University of Massachusetts Lowell
Adithi Shetty
Manipal University
B. Suresh Kumar Shetty
Manipal University
Pavanchand H. Shetty
Manipal University
Peilin Shi
Tufts University
Kenji Shibuya
Tokyo Foundation for Policy Research
Desalegn Shiferaw
Dambi Dollo University
Mika Shigematsu
National Institute of Infectious Diseases
Min-Jeong Shin
Korea University
Youn Ho Shin
CHA University
Rahman Shiri
Työterveyslaitos
Reza Shirkoohi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Nebiyu Aniley Shitaye
Bahar Dar University
Aminu Shittu
Usmanu Danfodiyo University
Ivy Shiue
University of Oulu
K.M. Shivakumar
Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth Deemed to be University
Velizar Shivarov
Sofiamed University Hospital
Farhad Shokraneh
University of Nottingham
Azad Shokri
Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences
Sina Shool
Emergency Department
Seyed Afshin Shorofi
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Sunil Shrestha
Monash University Malaysia
Kerem Shuval
The Cooper Institute
Emmanuel Edwar Siddig
Khartoum University
João Pedro Silva
University of Porto
Luis Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Silva
Polytechnic Institute of Guarda
Soraia Silva
University of Coimbra
Colin R. Simpson
Edinburgh Medical School
Anjali Singal
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Abhinav Singh
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Balbir Bagicha Singh
The University of Sydney
Garima Singh
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Jasbir Singh
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
Narinder Pal Singh
Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University
Paramdeep Singh
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Surjit Singh
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Dhirendra Narain Sinha
School of Preventive Oncology
Robert Sinto
Universitas Indonesia
Md Shahjahan Siraj
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh
Sarah Brooke Sirota
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Freddy Sitas
University of New South Wales (UNSW)
Shravan Sivakumar
University of Massachusetts
Valentin Yurievich Skryabin
Moscow Research and Practical Centre on Addictions
Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
David A. Sleet
Rollins School of Public Health
Bogdan Socea
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Anton Sokhan
Kharkiv National Medical University
Ranjan Solanki
Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine
Shipra Solanki
American University of Integrative Sciences
Hamidreza Soleimani
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Sameh S.M. Soliman
University of Sharjah
Suhang Song
University of Georgia
Yimeng Song
Yale University
Reed J.D. Sorensen
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Joan B. Soriano
Instituto de Investigación Hospital Universitario de la Princesa (IISP)
Ireneous N. Soyiri
University of Hull
Michael Spartalis
University of Athens
Sandra Spearman
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy
International Medical University
Vijay Kumar Srivastava
Amity University Rajasthan
Jeffrey D. Stanaway
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Muhammad Haroon Stanikzai
Kandahar University
Benjamin A. Stark
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Joseph R. Starnes
Vanderbilt University
Antonina V. Starodubova
Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
Caroline Stein
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Dan J. Stein
University of New South Wales (UNSW)
Fridolin Steinbeis
Charité University Medicine Berlin
Caitlyn Steiner
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Jaimie D. Steinmetz
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Paschalis Steiropoulos
Democritus University of Thrace
Aleksandar Stevanović
University of Belgrade
Leo Stockfelt
University of Gothenburg
Mark Andrew Stokes
Deakin University
Stefan Stortecky
UniversitatsSpital Bern
Vetriselvan Subramaniyan
Monash University Malaysia
Muhammad Suleman
University of Swat
Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader
Indian Council of Medical Research
Abida Sultana
Mental Health Research
Haitong Zhe Sun
University of Cambridge
Jing Sun
Charles Sturt University
J. Sundstrom
The George Institute for Global Health
David Sunkersing
University College London (UCL)
Katharina S. Sunnerhagen
University of Gothenburg
Chandan Kumar Swain
Utkal University
Lukasz Szarpak
Maria Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy
Mindy D. Szeto
Colorado School of Public Health
Miklos Szócska
Semmelweis University
Payam Tabaee Damavandi
Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland
Rafael Tabares-Seisdedos
Universitat de Valencia
Seyyed Mohammad Tabatabaei
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Ozra Tabatabaei Malazy
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Seyed-Amir Tabatabaeizadeh
Islamic Azad University
Shima Tabatabai
Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
Mohammad Tabish
Shaqra University
Jyothi Tadkamadla
La Trobe University
Santosh Kumar Tadakamadla
Griffith University
Yasaman Taheri Abkenar
University of Exeter
Moslem Taheri Soodejani
Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences
Jabeen Taiba
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Ken Takahashi
University of Western Australia
Iman M. Talaat
Alexandria University
Ashis Talukder
Khulna University
Mircea Tampa
Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy
Jacques Lukenze Tamuzi
Stellenbosch University
Ker-Kan Tan
National University of Singapore (NUS)
Sarmila Tandukar
Technology and Natural Resources Department
Haosu Tang
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Hong K. Tang
The University of Sydney
Ingan Ukur Tarigan
Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
Mengistie Kassahun Tariku
Debre Markos University
Md Tariqujjaman
International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research Bangladesh
Elvis Enowbeyang Tarkang
University of Health and Allied Sciences
Razieh Tavakoli Oliaee
Shiraz University of Medical Sciences
Seyed Mohammad Tavangar
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Nuno Taveira
University of Lisbon
Yibekal Manaye Tefera
Dire Dawa University
Mohamad-Hani Temsah
King Saud University
Reem Mohamad Hani Temsah
Alfaisal University
Masayuki Teramoto
University of California San Francisco
Riki Tesler
Ariel University
Enoch Teye-Kwadjo
Stellenbosch University
Rishu Thakur
Charles Darwin University
Pugazhenthan Thangaraju
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan
Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences
Samar Tharwat
Mansoura University
Rasiah Thayakaran
Faculty of Medicine
Nihal Thomas
Christian Medical College
Nikhil Kenny Thomas
PSG Institute of Medical Sciences and Research
Azalea M. Thomson
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Amanda G. Thrift
Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences
Chern Choong Chern Thum
Universiti Putra Malaysia
Lau Caspar Thygesen
Statens Institut for Folkesundhed
Jing Tian
University of Tasmania
Ales Tichopad
Czech Technical University in Prague
Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu
Universitas Sam Ratulangi
Tala Tillawi
University of Oxford
Tenaw Yimer Tiruye
University of South Australia
Mariya Vladimirovna Titova
KA Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology
Marcello Tonelli
Cumming School of Medicine
Roman Topor-Madry
Faculty of Health Sciences
Adetunji T. Toriola
Washington University in St. Louis
Anna Torre
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Mathilde Touvier
University of Paris North
Marcos Roberto Tovani Palone
Saveetha Dental College And Hospitals
Jasmine T. Tran
Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis
Nghia Minh Tran
Children's Hospital 1
Domenico Trico
University of Pisa
Samuel Joseph Tromans
University Of Leicester
Thien Tan Tri Tai Truyen
Nam Can Tho University
Aristidis Tsatsakis
University of Crete
Guesh Mebrahtom Tsegay
Aksum University
Evangelia Eirini Tsermpini
Dalhousie University
Munkhtuya Tumurkhuu
The Brody School of Medicine
Kang Tung
Diabetes & Obesity Institute and Physiology
Stefanos Tyrovolas
Hong Kong Polytechnic University
Sayed Mohammad Nazim Uddin
Asian University for Women
Aniefiok John Udoakang
University of Medical Sciences
Arit Udoh
University of Exeter
Atta Ullah
University of Nizwa
Irfan Ullah
Iqra University
Saeed Ullah
University of Nizwa
Sana Ullah
University of Education
Srikanth Umakanthan
University of West Indies
Chukwuma David Umeokonkwo
Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki
Brigid Unim
Istituto Superiore Di Sanita
Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan
Kasturba Medical College
Carolyn Anne Unsworth
Monash University
Era Upadhyay
Amity University Rajasthan
Daniele Urso
King's College London
Jibrin Sammani Usman
Bayero University
Seyed Mohammad Vahabi
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
Asokan Govindaraj Vaithinathan
University of Bahrain
Rohollah Valizadeh
Urmia University of Medical Science
Sarah M. Van de Velde
University of Antwerp
Jef Van den Eynde
Katholieke Universiteit Leuven
Orsolya Varga
Debreceni Egyetem
Priya Vart
University of Groningen
Shoban Babu Varthya
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Tommi Juhani Vasankari
UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research
Milena Vasic
Institute of Public Health of Serbia
Siavash Vaziri
Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Balachandar Vellingiri
Central University of Punjab
Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian
Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine
Nicholas Alexander Verghese
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Madhur Verma
All India Institute of Medical Sciences
Massimiliano Veroux
'GF Ingrassia' University of Catania
Georgios-Ioannis Verras
University of Edinburgh
Dominique Vervoort
University of Toronto
Jorge Hugo Villafañe
Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus
Gabriela Ines Villanueva
Hospital de Clinicas Jose de San Martin
Manish Vinayak
Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Francesco S. Violante
University of Bologna
Maria Viskadourou
Division of Cardiology
Sergey K. Vladimirov
Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology
Vasiliy V. Vlassov
National Research University Higher School of Economics
Bay Vo
HUTECH University
Stein Emil Vollset
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Avina Vongpradith
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Theo Vos
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Isidora S Vujcic
University of Belgrade
Rade Vukovic
University of Belgrade
Hatem A. Wafa
King's College London
Yasir Waheed
Innovation
Richard G. Wamai
University of Nairobi
Cong Wang
Washington University in St. Louis
Ning Wang
National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention
Shu Wang
Capital Medical University
Song Wang
Capital Medical University
Yanzhong Wang
University of Sao Paulo (USP)
Yuan-Pang Wang
University of Sao Paulo (USP)
Muhammad Waqas
Hazara University Pakistan
Paul Ward
Centre for Health Policy Research
Emebet Gashaw Wassie
Debre Markos University
Stefanie Watson
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Stephanie Louise Watson Watson
The University of Sydney
Jakub Morze
Chalmers, Life Sciences, Food and Nutrition Science
Kosala Gayan Weerakoon
Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Melissa Y. Wei
University of California
Robert G. Weintraub
Murdoch Childrens Research Hospital
Daniel J. Weiss
Telethon Kids Institute
Ronny Westerman
Competence Center Mortality-Follow-Up of the German National Cohort
Joanna L. Whisnant
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Taweewat Wiangkham
Naresuan University
Dakshitha Praneeth Wickramasinghe
University of Colombo
Nuwan Darshana Wickramasinghe
Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Angga Wilandika
Universitas Aisyiyah Bandung
Caroline Wilkerson
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Peter Willeit
Medical University of Innsbruck
Shadrach Wilson
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Marcin W. Wojewodzic
Cancer Registry of Norway Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research
Axel Walter Wolf
Oslo Metropolitan University
D.H. Woldegebreal
University of California
Charles D.A. Wolfe
King's College London
Yohannes Addisu Wondimagegene
Dilla University
Yen Jun Wong
Monash University Malaysia
Utoomporn Wongsin
Taipei Medical University
Ai-Min Wu
Wenzhou Medical University
Chenkai Wu
Duke University
Felicia Wu
Michigan State University
Xinsheng Wu
Sun Yat-Sen University
Zenghong Wu
Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Juan Xia
Capital Medical University
Hong Xiao
Zhejiang University
Yang Xie
Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-based Precision Medicine
Suowen Xu
School of Medicine
Wang-Dong Xu
School of Public Health
Xiaoyue Xu
University of New South Wales (UNSW)
Yvonne Yiru Xu
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Ali Yadollahpour
University of Sheffield
Kazumasa Yamagishi
Osaka University
Danting Yang
University of Florida
Lin Yang
University of Calgary
Yuichiro Yano
Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine
Yao Yao
Duke University
Habib Yaribeygi
Semnan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services
Pengpeng Ye
University of New South Wales (UNSW)
Sisay Shewasinad Yehualashet
Debre Berhan University
Metin Yesiltepe
Ankara City Hospital
Subah Abderehim Yesuf
St Peter's Specialized Hospital,
Saber Yezli
Epidemiology
Siyan Yi
National University of Singapore (NUS)
Amanuel Yigezu
United Arab Emirates University
Arzu Yiğit
Süleyman Demirel University
Vahit Yiğit
Süleyman Demirel University
Paul Yip
The University of Hong Kong
Malede Berihun Yismaw
Bahar Dar University
Yazachew Yismaw
Bahar Dar University
Dong Keon Yon
Kyung Hee University
Naohiro Yonemoto
National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry
Seok-Jun Yoon
Korea University
Yuyi You
The University of Sydney
Mustafa Z. Younis
Universiti Putra Malaysia
Zabihollah Yousefi
Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences
Chuanhua Yu
Wuhan University
Yong Yu
Renmin Hospital
Faith H. Yuh
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Siddhesh Zadey
Global Emergency Medicine Innovation and Implementation (GEMINI) Research Center
Vesna Zadnik
Epidemiology and Cancer Registry
Nima Zafari
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Fathiah Zakham
Hodeida University
Nazar Zaki
United Arab Emirates University
Sojib Bin Zaman
James Madison University
Nelson Zamora
Hospital San Juan de Dios
Ramin Zand
University of Tennessee
Moein Zangiabadian
School of Medicine
Heather J. Zar
University of Cape Town
Iman Zare
Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies
Armin Zarrintan
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Mohammed G.M. Zeariya
Al-Azhar University
Zahra Zeinali
University of Washington
Haijun Zhang
Jianrong Zhang
University of Melbourne
Jingya Zhang
Xi'an Jiaotong University
Liqun Zhang
Dalian University of Technology
Yunquan Zhang
Wuhan University of Science and Technology
Zhi-Jiang Zhang
Wuhan University
Hanqing Zhao
Hebei University
Chenwen Zhong
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Juexiao Zhou
King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST)
Bin Zhu
Southern University of Science and Technology
Lei Zhu
Yunnan University
Makan Ziafati
Shefa Neuroscience Research Center
Magdalena Zielińska
Medical University of Warsaw
Osama A. Zitoun
University of Waterloo
Mohammad Zoladl
Yasuj University of Medical Sciences
Zhiyong Zou
Peking University Health Science Center
Liesl J. Zuhlke
University of Cape Town
Alimuddin Zumla
University College London (UCL)
Elric Zweck
Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf
Samer H. Zyoud
Ajman University
Eve E. Wool
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
Christopher J.L. Murray
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation
The Lancet
0140-6736 (ISSN) 1474-547X (eISSN)
Vol. 403 10440 2100-2132Subject Categories
Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology
DOI
10.1016/S0140-6736(24)00367-2
PubMed
38582094