High-resolution parametric embodied impact configurator for PV and BIPV systems

Journal article, 2024

To fully analyze the potential of PVs in achieving sustainable energy goals, careful consideration of the life cycle including the embodied impact is needed. Despite the existence of various life cycle inventories for PV modules, there remains a lack of structured and detailed data to enable easy comparison across different technology configurations. Such data is crucial for identifying the components with the highest environmental impact and further optimization. This data gap is an obstacle to informed decision-making processes when evaluating PV designs. The goal of this study is to develop a harmonized, modular database that captures the environmental impact of various PV systems in high resolution. It includes the selection of cell technology, electrical components, frame materials, and the location of production. The environmental assessment includes 14 impact categories. Additionally, a web-based configurator is available, allowing users to quickly estimate the environmental impact of custom PV panels. Through exhaustive sampling of different configurations, the study demonstrates that the Global Warming Potential of a PV panel can range from 10 to 380 kgCO2eq/sqm. The results of this study can support architects, engineers, and planners in estimating the embodied impact of the PV systems, leading to more informed and environmentally conscious design decisions.