2024 roadmap for sustainable batteries
Review article, 2024
Modern batteries are highly complex devices. The cells contain many components—which in turn all have many variations, both in terms of chemistry and physical properties. A few examples: the active materials making the electrodes are coated on current collectors using solvents, binders and additives; the multicomponent electrolyte, contains salts, solvents, and additives; the electrolyte can also be a solid ceramic, polymer or a glass material; batteries also contain a separator, which can be made of glass fibres, polymeric, ceramic, composite, etc. Moving up in scale all these components are assembled in cells of different formats and geometries, coin cells and Swagelok cells for funamental testing and understanding, and pouch, prismatic and cylindrical cells for application. Given this complexity dictated by so many components and variations, there is no wonder that addressing the crucial issue of true sustainability is an extremely challenging task. How can we make sure that each component is sustainable? How can the performance can be delivered using more sustainable battery components? What actions do we need to take to address battery sustainability properly? How do we actually qualify and quantify the sustainability in the best way possible? And perhaps most importantly; how can we all work—academia and battery industry together—to enable the latter to manufacture more sustainable batteries for a truly cleaner future? This Roadmap assembles views from experts from academia, industry, research institutes, and other organisations on how we could and should achieve a more sustainable battery future. The palette has many colours: it discusses the very definition of a sustainable battery, the need for diversification beyond lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), the importance of sustainability assessments, the threat of scarcity of raw materials and the possible impact on future manufacturing of LIBs, the possibility of more sustainable cells by electrode and electrolyte chemistries as well as manufacturing, the important role of new battery chemistries, the crucial role of AI and automation in the discovery of the truly sustainable batteries of the future and the importance of developimg a circular battery economy.
lithium-ion batteries
battery
sustainable
automation
batteries
artificial intelligence
electrolytes
Author
Magda Titirici
Imperial College London
Patrik Johansson
Alistore - European Research Institute
Chalmers, Physics, Materials Physics
Maria Crespo Ribadeneyra
Queen Mary University of London
Heather Au
Imperial College London
Alessandro Innocenti
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
Helmholtz
S. Passerini
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)
Helmholtz
Sapienza University of Rome
Evi Petavratzi
Fastmarkets
Paul Lusty
Fastmarkets
Annika Ahlberg Tidblad
Volvo Group
Uppsala University
Andrew J. Naylor
Uppsala University
Reza Younesi
Uppsala University
Yvonne A. Chart
The Faraday Institution
University of Oxford
Jack Aspinall
The Faraday Institution
University of Oxford
Mauro Pasta
University of Oxford
The Faraday Institution
Joseba Orive
Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)
Lakshmipriya Musuvadhi Babulal
Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)
Marine Reynaud
Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)
Kenneth G. Latham
Imperial College London
Tomooki Hosaka
Tokyo University of Science
Shinichi Komaba
Tokyo University of Science
J. Bitenc
National Institute of Chemistry
A. Ponrouch
Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
Heng Zhang
Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Michel Armand
Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)
Robert Kerr
Deakin University
P. C. Howlett
Deakin University
Maria Forsyth
Deakin University
John Brown
Collège de France
Alistore - European Research Institute
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
Alexis Grimaud
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
Boston College
Collège de France
Marja Vilkman
Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)
Kamil Burak Dermenci
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
Seyedabolfazl Mousavihashemi
Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)
Maitane Berecibar
Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)
Jean E. Marshall
The University of Warwick
Con Robert McElroy
University of Lincoln
Emma Kendrick
University of Birmingham
Tayeba Safdar
The Faraday Institution
Imperial College London
Chun Huang
STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
The Faraday Institution
Imperial College London
Franco M. Zanotto
University of Picardie Jules Verne
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
Javier F. Troncoso
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
University of Picardie Jules Verne
Diana Zapata Dominguez
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
University of Picardie Jules Verne
Mohammed Alabdali
University of Picardie Jules Verne
Utkarsh Vijay
University of Picardie Jules Verne
Alistore - European Research Institute
Alejandro A. Franco
Alistore - European Research Institute
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)
Institut Universitaire de France
University of Picardie Jules Verne
Sivaraj Pazhaniswamy
University of Oxford
Patrick S. Grant
University of Oxford
Stiven López Guzman
University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)
Marcus Fehse
Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)
Montserrat Galceran
Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)
Néstor Antuñano
Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)
JPhys Energy
2515-7655 (eISSN)
Vol. 6 4 041502ERGODIC: Combined passenger and goods transportation in suburb traffic
VINNOVA (ERGODIC), 2023-10-01 -- 2026-09-30.
European Commission (EC) (F-DUT-2022-0078), 2023-10-01 -- 2026-09-30.
European Commission (EC) (F-ENUAC-2022-0003), 2023-10-01 -- 2026-09-30.
Subject Categories (SSIF 2011)
Materials Chemistry
DOI
10.1088/2515-7655/ad6bc0