Monitoring long-term trends of spatial and temporal flexibility in electricity systems
Journal article, 2025
river hydropower with limited spatial and temporal flexibility to contemporary fossil-fuel based electricity sys-
tems allowing more flexibility due to storable and transportable fuel and controllable generation. The increasing
shares of solar and wind energy, which are available everywhere, but not all the time, calls for new types of flexi-
bility strategies. Monitoring changing patterns of flexibility strategies add to our understanding of the status and
direction of long run energy system transformation. To capture such broad trends and allow for comparison
across regions, this study develops two indicators: Gross spatial flexibility (GSF) and Gross temporal flexibility
(GTF). The indicators are tested on a sample of countries including Australia, Germany-Luxembourg-Austria
(GLA region), Sweden and the USA. By normalising storage and transmission capacity to average power demand
these indicators are shown to enable comparisons across time and across regions of different sizes. At present,
publicly available data in most countries remain insufficient for simple indicator construction and continuous up-
dating. The German MaStR platform is an exception and could serve as inspiration for database construction in
other countries.
Electricity system
Flexibility indicators
Transmission grid
Energy storage
Author
Chunshuo Ge
The Swedish Electricity Storage and Balancing Centre
Environmental Systems Analysis 01
Anders Nordelöf
Chalmers, Technology Management and Economics, Environmental Systems Analysis
Björn Sandén
The Swedish Electricity Storage and Balancing Centre
Chalmers, Technology Management and Economics, Environmental Systems Analysis
Energy Conversion and Management: X
25901745 (eISSN)
Subject Categories (SSIF 2025)
Energy Systems
DOI
10.1016/j.ecmx.2025.101437