Oxygen carrier aided combustion

Book chapter, 2025

This chapter explores the status and development of oxygen carrier aided combustion of biomass and waste-derived fuels. This technology is based on changing the conventional sand particles in fluidized beds with oxygen carriers (OCs). This is a simple change, yet as will be described in this chapter, the implications could be profound. Key aspects that are addressed and reviewed include results from large-scale operation, combustion efficiency, influence on emissions, ash chemistry, and logistics of OC supply. This chapter provides novel and valuable insights for researcher and industry professionals by giving a broad review of these aspects. Besides a review of operational experience, a significant focus will be on OC-ash interactions, as the large-scale investigations conducted in Sweden in the past years have generated relevant and unique solid samples with long residence times in the furnace, enabling detailed characterization and establishment of migration pathways of important elements.