Precise mass and radius determination for two new and one known Neptune-sized planets around G dwarf hosts
Journal article, 2026
As part of the KESPRINT collaboration, we present the discovery and characterization of three exoplanets in the sub-Neptune to super-Neptune regime, spanning key regions of the exo-Neptunian landscape. TOI-1472 c and TOI-1648 b are newly discovered sub-Neptunes, while TOI-1472 b is a previously known super-Neptune for which we provide an improved mass measurement. These planets have orbital periods of 6–15 d and radii of 2.5–4.1 R(Formula presented), probing regions where planet formation and atmospheric evolution remain poorly understood. We combine Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite transit photometry with ground-based radial velocities to determine precise masses, radii, and orbital properties. TOI-1472 b has a mass of (Formula presented) M(Formula presented) and a radius of (Formula presented) R(Formula presented), TOI-1472 c has a mass of (Formula presented) M(Formula presented) and a radius of (Formula presented) R(Formula presented), and TOI-1648 b has a mass of (Formula presented) M(Formula presented) and a radius of (Formula presented) R(Formula presented). The planets exhibit a range of eccentricities (0.041–0.178), indicating diverse evolutionary histories. TOI-1648 b, with a high transmission spectroscopy metric ((Formula presented) ), is a promising target for atmospheric characterization. Together, these three planets provide precise constraints on the structure, composition, and dynamical evolution of small to intermediate-sized exoplanets, enriching our understanding of the exo-Neptunian landscape.
techniques: radial velocities
exoplanets
planets and satellites: detection
techniques: photometric
Author
Ilaria Carleo
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
G. Nowak
Nicolaus Copernicus University (SGMK)
F. Murgas
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
University of La Laguna
Enric Palle
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
University of La Laguna
G. Lacedelli
University of La Laguna
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
T. Masseron
University of La Laguna
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Emily W. Wong
University of Geneva
A. Castro-González
University of Geneva
D. Jankowski
Nicolaus Copernicus University (SGMK)
Patrick Eggenberger
University of Geneva
James S. Jenkins
Diego Portales University
Centro de Astrofísica y Tecnologías Afines (CATA),
K. Goździewski
Nicolaus Copernicus University (SGMK)
V. Bourrier
University of Geneva
Douglas R. Alves
Centro de Astrofísica y Tecnologías Afines (CATA),
University of Chile (UCH)
José I. Vines
Universidad Catolica del Norte
Keivan G. Stassun
Vanderbilt University
M. Brogi
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
University of Turin
Sergio Messina
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Catherine A. Clark
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Karen A. Collins
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
H. Deeg
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
University of La Laguna
Elise Furlan
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
D. Gandolfi
University of Turin
Samuel Geraldía González
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
University of La Laguna
Coel Hellier
Keele University
A. Hatzes
Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg
S.B. Howell
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Judith Korth
University of Geneva
Emil Knudstrup
Aarhus University
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics
J. Lillo-Box
European Space Agency (ESA)
J.H. Livingston
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
National Institutes of Natural Sciences
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)
J. Orell-Miquel
University of Texas
Carina Persson
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics
S. Redfield
Wesleyan University
B. S. Safonov
Moscow State University
D. Baker
Austin College
William D. Cochran
University of Texas
Rafael Delfin Barrena Delgado
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
University of La Laguna
Allyson Bieryla
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
A. W. Boyle
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
The University of North Carolina System
P. Bosch-Cabot
Albanyà Astronomical Observatory
Núria Casasayas Barris
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
University of La Laguna
Stavros Chairetas
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
D. R. Ciardi
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
A. Fukui
University of Tokyo
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
P. Guerra
Albanyà Astronomical Observatory
Kiyoe Kawauchi
College of Life Sciences
Florence Libotte
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Sabadell Astronomical Society
Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy (BIRA-IASB)
M. B. Lund
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
R. Luque
Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
Eduardo Lorenzo Martín Guerrero de Escalante
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Bob Massey
Villa’39 Observatory
Edward J. Michaels
Waffelow Creek Observatory
Giuseppe Morello
Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Norio Narita
National Institutes of Natural Sciences
University of Tokyo
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Hannu Parvianien
University of La Laguna
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
R. Schwarz
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Avi Shporer
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
M. Stangret
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
University of La Laguna
Cristilyn N. Watkins
Montana State University
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
00358711 (ISSN) 13652966 (eISSN)
Vol. 549 3 staf1958Subject Categories (SSIF 2025)
Astronomy, Astrophysics, and Cosmology
Subatomic Physics
DOI
10.1093/mnras/staf1958