Pathway for the biosynthesis of the pigment chrysogine by Penicillium chrysogenum
Journal article, 2018
Chrysogine is a yellow pigment produced by Penicillium chrysogenum and other filamentous fungi. Although the pigment was first isolated in 1973, its biosynthetic pathway has so far not been resolved. Here, we show that deletion of the highly expressed nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene Pc21g12630 (chyA) resulted in a decrease in the production of chrysogine and 13 related compounds in the culture broth of P. chrysogenum. Each of the genes of the chyAcontaining gene cluster was individually deleted, and corresponding mutants were examined by metabolic profiling in order to elucidate their function. The data suggest that the NRPS ChyA mediates the condensation of anthranilic acid and alanine into the intermediate 2-(2-aminopropanamido)benzoic acid, which was verified by feeding experiments of a ΔchyA strain with the chemically synthesized product. The remainder of the pathway is highly branched, yielding at least 13 chrysogine-related compounds.
Author
Annarita Viggiano
University of Groningen
O. Salo
University of Groningen
Hazrat Ali
National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Pakistan
University of Groningen
Wiktor Szymanski
University of Groningen
P. P. Lankhorst
DSM Biotechnology Centre
Yvonne Nygård
Chalmers, Biology and Biological Engineering, Industrial Biotechnology
University of Groningen
R. A. L. Bovenberg
University of Groningen
DSM Biotechnology Centre
Arnold J.M. Driessen
University of Groningen
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
0099-2240 (ISSN) 1098-5336 (eISSN)
Vol. 84 4 e02246-17Subject Categories
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
Microbiology
Medical Biotechnology (with a focus on Cell Biology (including Stem Cell Biology), Molecular Biology, Microbiology, Biochemistry or Biopharmacy)
DOI
10.1128/AEM.02246-17