2021 roadmap for sodium-ion batteries
Journal article, 2021

Increasing concerns regarding the sustainability of lithium sources, due to their limited availability and consequent expected price increase, have raised awareness of the importance of developing alternative energy-storage candidates that can sustain the ever-growing energy demand. Furthermore, limitations on the availability of the transition metals used in the manufacturing of cathode materials, together with questionable mining practices, are driving development towards more sustainable elements. Given the uniformly high abundance and cost-effectiveness of sodium, as well as its very suitable redox potential (close to that of lithium), sodium-ion battery technology offers tremendous potential to be a counterpart to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in different application scenarios, such as stationary energy storage and low-cost vehicles. This potential is reflected by the major investments that are being made by industry in a wide variety of markets and in diverse material combinations. Despite the associated advantages of being a drop-in replacement for LIBs, there are remarkable differences in the physicochemical properties between sodium and lithium that give rise to different behaviours, for example, different coordination preferences in compounds, desolvation energies, or solubility of the solid-electrolyte interphase inorganic salt components. This demands a more detailed study of the underlying physical and chemical processes occurring in sodium-ion batteries and allows great scope for groundbreaking advances in the field, from lab-scale to scale-up. This roadmap provides an extensive review by experts in academia and industry of the current state of the art in 2021 and the different research directions and strategies currently underway to improve the performance of sodium-ion batteries. The aim is to provide an opinion with respect to the current challenges and opportunities, from the fundamental properties to the practical applications of this technology.

electrolytes

energy materials

anodes

batteries

cathodes

sodium ion

Author

Nuria Tapia-Ruiz

Faraday Institution

Lancaster University

A. Robert Armstrong

Faraday Institution

University of St Andrews

Hande Alptekin

Imperial College London

Marco A. Amores

Faraday Institution

University of Sheffield

Heather Au

Imperial College London

Jerry Barker

Farad

Rebecca Boston

University of Sheffield

Faraday Institution

William R. Brant

Uppsala University

Jake M. Brittain

University of Oxford

Yue Chen

Faraday Institution

Lancaster University

Manish Chhowalla

Faraday Institution

University of Cambridge

Yong-Seok Choi

University College London (UCL)

Faraday Institution

Sara I. R. Costa

Faraday Institution

Lancaster University

Maria Crespo Ribadeneyra

Imperial College London

Serena A. Cussen

Faraday Institution

University of Sheffield

Edmund J. Cussen

University of Sheffield

Faraday Institution

Desai

Faraday Institution

University of St Andrews

Stewart A. M. Dickson

University of St Andrews

Faraday Institution

Eweka

Amte Power

Juan D. Forero-Saboya

Institute of Material Science of Barcelona (ICMAB)

Clare P. Grey

University of Cambridge

Faraday Institution

John M. Griffin

Lancaster University

Faraday Institution

Peter Gross

Faraday Institution

Xiao Hua

Faraday Institution

University of St Andrews

J. T. S. Irvine

Faraday Institution

Patrik Johansson

Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)

Chalmers, Physics, Materials Physics

Martin O. Jones

Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

Faraday Institution

Martin Karlsmo

Chalmers, Physics, Materials Physics

Emma Kendrick

University of Birmingham

Eunjeong Kim

University of St Andrews

Faraday Institution

Kolosov

Faraday Institution

Lancaster University

Zhuangnan Li

Faraday Institution

Stijn F. L. Mertens

Lancaster University

Faraday Institution

Ronnie Mogensen

Uppsala University

Laure Monconduit

University of Montpellier

Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)

Russell E. Morris

University of St Andrews

Charles University

Andrew J. Naylor

Uppsala University

Shahin Nikman

Faraday Institution

Christopher A. O'Keefe

Faraday Institution

University of Cambridge

Darren M. C. Ould

University of Cambridge

Faraday Institution

R. G. Palgrave

Faraday Institution

Philippe Poizot

Nantes University

Alexandre Ponrouch

Institute of Material Science of Barcelona (ICMAB)

Emily M. Reynolds

Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

Faraday Institution

Ashish Rudola

Farad

Ruth Sayers

Farad

David O. Scanlon

Faraday Institution

Diamond Light Source

S. Sen

Faraday Institution

Valerie R. Seymour

Faraday Institution

Lancaster University

Begona Silvan

Faraday Institution

Moulay Tahar Sougrati

University of Montpellier

Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)

Lorenzo Stievano

Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)

Grant S. Stone

Amte Power

Thomas

Faraday Institution

University of Sheffield

Maria-Magdalena Titirici

Imperial College London

Jincheng Tong

Faraday Institution

Dominic S. Wright

Faraday Institution

University of Cambridge

Reza Younesi

Uppsala University

JPhys Energy

2515-7655 (eISSN)

Vol. 3 3 031503

Subject Categories

Other Environmental Engineering

Other Chemical Engineering

Energy Systems

DOI

10.1088/2515-7655/ac01ef

More information

Latest update

7/20/2023