Overview of the TCV tokamak experimental programme
Journal article, 2022
The tokamak a configuration variable (TCV) continues to leverage its unique shaping capabilities, flexible heating systems and modern control system to address critical issues in preparation for ITER and a fusion power plant. For the 2019-20 campaign its configurational flexibility has been enhanced with the installation of removable divertor gas baffles, its diagnostic capabilities with an extensive set of upgrades and its heating systems with new dual frequency gyrotrons. The gas baffles reduce coupling between the divertor and the main chamber and allow for detailed investigations on the role of fuelling in general and, together with upgraded boundary diagnostics, test divertor and edge models in particular. The increased heating capabilities broaden the operational regime to include T (e)/T (i) similar to 1 and have stimulated refocussing studies from L-mode to H-mode across a range of research topics. ITER baseline parameters were reached in type-I ELMy H-modes and alternative regimes with 'small' (or no) ELMs explored. Most prominently, negative triangularity was investigated in detail and confirmed as an attractive scenario with H-mode level core confinement but an L-mode edge. Emphasis was also placed on control, where an increased number of observers, actuators and control solutions became available and are now integrated into a generic control framework as will be needed in future devices. The quantity and quality of results of the 2019-20 TCV campaign are a testament to its successful integration within the European research effort alongside a vibrant domestic programme and international collaborations.
tokamak
TCV
nuclear fusion
EUROfusion
Author
H. Reimerdes
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
M. Agostini
Consorzio Rfx
Oak Ridge Associated Universities
E. Alessi
Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (ISTP) - CNR
S. Alberti
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
Y. Andrebe
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
H. Arnichand
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
J. Balbin
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
F. Bagnato
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
M. Baquero-Ruiz
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
M. Bernert
Max Planck Society
W. Bin
Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (ISTP) - CNR
P. Blanchard
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
T. C. Blanken
Eindhoven University of Technology
J. A. Boedo
University of California at San Diego (UCSD)
D. Brida
Max Planck Society
S. Brunner
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
C. Bogar
Czech Academy of Sciences
O. Bogar
Czech Academy of Sciences
T. Bolzonella
Consorzio Rfx
F. Bombarda
ENEA
F. Bouquey
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
C. Bowman
University of York
D. Brunetti
Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (ISTP) - CNR
J. Buermans
Koninklijke Militaire Universiteit
H. Bufferand
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
L. Calacci
University of Rome Tor Vergata
Y. Camenen
Aix Marseille University
S. Carli
KU Leuven
D. Carnevale
University of Rome Tor Vergata
F. Carpanese
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
F. Causa
Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (ISTP) - CNR
J. Cavalier
Czech Academy of Sciences
M. Cavedon
Max Planck Society
J. A. Cazabonne
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
J. Cerovsky
Czech Academy of Sciences
R. Chandra
Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)
A. Chandrarajan Jayalekshmi
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
O. Chellai
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
P. Chmielewski
Institute of Plasma Physics & Laser Microfusion (IPPLM)
D. Choi
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
G. Ciraolo
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
I. G. J. Classen
Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)
S. Coda
Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (ISTP) - CNR
C. Colandrea
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
A. Dal Molin
University of Milano-Bicocca
P. David
Max Planck Society
M. R. de Baar
Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)
J. Decker
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
W. Dekeyser
KU Leuven
H. de Oliveira
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
D. Douai
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
M. Dreval
National Science Center Kharkiv Institute of Physics and Technology
M. G. Dunne
Max Planck Society
B. P. Duval
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
S. Elmore
Culham Science Centre
M. Faitsch
Max Planck Society
G. Falchetto
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
M. Farnik
Czech Academy of Sciences
A. Fasoli
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
N. Fedorczak
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
F. Felici
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
O. Fevrier
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
O. Ficker
Czech Academy of Sciences
A. Fil
University of York
Culham Science Centre
M. Fontana
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
L. Frassinetti
Royal Institute of Technology (KTH)
I Furno
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
D. S. Gahle
Culham Science Centre
University of Strathclyde
D. Galassi
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
K. Galazka
Institute of Plasma Physics & Laser Microfusion (IPPLM)
C. Galperti
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
S. Garavaglia
Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (ISTP) - CNR
M. Garcia-Munoz
University of Seville
B. Geiger
University of Wisconsin Madison
M. Giacomin
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
G. Giruzzi
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
M. Gobbin
Consorzio Rfx
T. Golfinopoulos
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
T. Goodman
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
S. Gorno
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
G. Granucci
Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (ISTP) - CNR
J. P. Graves
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
M. Griener
Max Planck Society
M. Gruca
Institute of Plasma Physics & Laser Microfusion (IPPLM)
T. Gyergyek
Jozef Stefan Institute
R. Haelterman
Koninklijke Militaire Universiteit
A. Hakola
Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)
W. Han
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
T. Happel
Max Planck Society
G. Harrer
Vienna University of Technology
J. R. Harrison
Culham Science Centre
S. Henderson
Culham Science Centre
G. M. D. Hogeweij
Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)
J-P Hogge
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
J. Horacek
Czech Academy of Sciences
Z. Huang
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
A. Iantchenko
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
P. Innocente
Consorzio Rfx
C. Ionita-Schrittweiser
University of Innsbruck
H. Isliker
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
A. Jardin
Polish Academy of Sciences
R. J. E. Jaspers
Eindhoven University of Technology
R. Karimov
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
A. N. Karpushov
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
Y. Kazakov
Koninklijke Militaire Universiteit
M. Komm
Czech Academy of Sciences
M. Kong
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
Culham Science Centre
J. Kovacic
Jozef Stefan Institute
O. Krutkin
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
O. Kudlacek
Max Planck Society
U. Kumar
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
R. Kwiatkowski
National Centre for Nuclear Research
B. Labit
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
L. Laguardia
Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (ISTP) - CNR
J. T. Lammers
Eindhoven University of Technology
E. Laribi
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
E. Laszynska
Institute of Plasma Physics & Laser Microfusion (IPPLM)
A. Lazaros
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
O. Linder
Max Planck Society
B. Linehan
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
B. Lipschultz
University of York
X. Llobet
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
J. Loizu
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
T. Lunt
Max Planck Society
E. Macusova
Czech Academy of Sciences
Y. Marandet
Aix Marseille University
M. Maraschek
Max Planck Society
G. Marceca
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
C. Marchetto
Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (ISTP) - CNR
S. Marchioni
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
E. S. Marmar
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Y. Martin
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
L. Martinelli
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
F. Matos
Max Planck Society
R. Maurizio
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
Oak Ridge Associated Universities
M-L Mayoral
Culham Science Centre
D. Mazon
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
V Menkovski
Eindhoven University of Technology
A. Merle
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
G. Merlo
The University of Texas at Austin
H. Meyer
Culham Science Centre
K. Mikszuta-Michalik
Institute of Plasma Physics & Laser Microfusion (IPPLM)
P. A. Molina Cabrera
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
J. Morales
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
J-M Moret
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
A. Moro
Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (ISTP) - CNR
D. Moulton
Culham Science Centre
H. Muhammed
Culham Science Centre
O. Myatra
University of York
D. Mykytchuk
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
F. Napoli
ENEA
R. D. Nem
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
A. H. Nielsen
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
M. Nocente
University of Milano-Bicocca
S. Nowak
Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (ISTP) - CNR
N. Offeddu
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
J. Olsen
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
F. P. Orsitto
University of Naples Federico II
O. Pan
Max Planck Society
G. Papp
Max Planck Society
A. Pau
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
A. Perek
Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)
F. Pesamosca
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
Y. Peysson
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
L. Pigatto
Consorzio Rfx
C. Piron
Consorzio Rfx
M. Poradzinski
Institute of Plasma Physics & Laser Microfusion (IPPLM)
L. Porte
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
T. Putterich
Max Planck Society
M. Rabinski
National Centre for Nuclear Research
H. Raj
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
J. J. Rasmussen
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
G. A. Ratta
Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas (Ciemat)
T. Ravensbergen
Eindhoven University of Technology
Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)
D. Ricci
Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (ISTP) - CNR
P. Ricci
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
N. Rispoli
Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (ISTP) - CNR
F. Riva
Culham Science Centre
J. F. Rivero-Rodriguez
University of Seville
M. Salewski
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
O. Sauter
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
B. S. Schmidt
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
R. Schrittweiser
University of Innsbruck
S. Sharapov
Culham Science Centre
U. A. Sheikh
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
B. Sieglin
Max Planck Society
M. Silva
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
A. Smolders
KU Leuven
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
A. Snicker
Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)
C. Sozzi
Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (ISTP) - CNR
M. Spolaore
Consorzio Rfx
A. Stagni
Polytechnic University of Milan
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
L. Stipani
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
G. Sun
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
T. Tala
Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)
P. Tamain
The French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA)
K. Tanaka
National Institutes of Natural Sciences
A. Tema Biwole
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
D. Terranova
Consorzio Rfx
J. L. Terry
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
D. Testa
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
C. Theiler
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
A. Thornton
Culham Science Centre
A. Thrysoe
Technical University of Denmark (DTU)
H. Torreblanca
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
C. K. Tsui
University of California at San Diego (UCSD)
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
D. Vaccaro
Tuscia University
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
M. Vallar
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
M. van Berkel
Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)
D. Van Eester
Koninklijke Militaire Universiteit
R. J. R. van Kampen
Eindhoven University of Technology
Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)
S. Van Mulders
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
K. Verhaegh
University of York
T. Verhaeghe
Koninklijke Militaire Universiteit
N. Vianello
Consorzio Rfx
F. Villone
University of Naples Federico II
E. Viezzer
University of Seville
B. Vincent
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
I Voitsekhovitch
Culham Science Centre
N. M. T. Vu
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
N. Walkden
Culham Science Centre
T. Wauters
Koninklijke Militaire Universiteit
H. Weisen
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
N. Wendler
Institute of Plasma Physics & Laser Microfusion (IPPLM)
M. Wensing
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
F. Widmer
Aix Marseille University
S. Wiesen
Forschungszentrum Jülich
M. Wischmeier
Max Planck Society
T. A. Wijkamp
Eindhoven University of Technology
Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research (DIFFER)
D. Wunderlich
Max Planck Society
C. Wuthrich
Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne (EPFL)
V Yanovskiy
Czech Academy of Sciences
J. Zebrowski
Technical Research Centre of Finland (VTT)
Ola Embréus
Chalmers, Physics, Subatomic, High Energy and Plasma Physics
Frida Eriksson
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics
Emil Fransson
Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Astronomy and Plasmaphysics
Mathias Hoppe
Chalmers, Physics, Subatomic, High Energy and Plasma Physics
Klara Insulander Björk
Chalmers, Physics, Subatomic, High Energy and Plasma Physics
Nuclear Fusion
0029-5515 (ISSN) 1741-4326 (eISSN)
Vol. 62 4 042018Subject Categories
Aerospace Engineering
Energy Engineering
Control Engineering
DOI
10.1088/1741-4326/ac369b