Impact of the flame retardant additive triphenyl phosphate (TPP) on the performance of graphite/LiFePO4 cells in high power applications
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2014
This study presents an extensive characterization of a standard Li-ion battery (LiB) electrolyte containing different concentrations of the flame retardant triphenyl phosphate (TPP) in the context of high power applications. Electrolyte characterization shows only a minor decrease in the electrolyte flammability for low TPP concentrations. The addition of TPP to the electrolyte leads to increased viscosity and decreased conductivity. The solvation of the lithium ion charge carriers seem to be directly affected by the TPP addition as evidenced by Raman spectroscopy and increased mass-transport resistivity. Graphite/LiFePO4 full cell tests show the energy efficiency to decrease with the addition of TPP. Specifically, diffusion resistivity is observed to be the main source of increased losses. Furthermore, TPP influences the interface chemistry on both the positive and the negative electrode. Higher concentrations of TPP lead to thicker interface layers on LiFePO4. Even though TPP is not electrochemically reduced on graphite, it does participate in SEI formation. TPP cannot be considered a suitable flame retardant for high power applications as there is only a minor impact of TPP on the flammability of the electrolyte for low concentrations of TPP, and a significant increase in polarization is observed for higher concentrations of TPP. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
BASIS-SETS
Flame retardant additive
ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE
MIXED-SOLVENT
Electrolyte characterization
SOLVENT-CONTAINING ELECTROLYTES
FLUORINATED ALKYL PHOSPHATES
Triphenyl phosphate (TPP)
LEAN AD
JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS
Hybrid Pulse Power Characterization (HPPC)
V72
CARBONATE
1980
P5639
NONFLAMMABLE ELECTROLYTES
NEGATIVE ELECTRODE
Electrode/electrolyte interface
Graphite/LiFePO4 cell
RAY
LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES
ETHYLENE
PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY
Författare
K. C. Hogstrom
Uppsala universitet
H. Lundgren
Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH)
Susanne Wilken
Chalmers, Teknisk fysik, Kondenserade materiens fysik
T. G. Zavalis
Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH)
Mårten Behm
Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH)
K. Edstrom
Uppsala universitet
Per Jacobsson
Chalmers, Teknisk fysik, Kondenserade materiens fysik
Patrik Johansson
Chalmers, Teknisk fysik, Kondenserade materiens fysik
Göran Lindbergh
Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (KTH)
Journal of Power Sources
0378-7753 (ISSN)
Vol. 256 430-439Ämneskategorier
Oorganisk kemi
Styrkeområden
Transport
Energi
Materialvetenskap
DOI
10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.01.022