The LOFAR Multifrequency Snapshot Sky Survey (MSSS) I. Survey description and first results
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2015
We present the Multifrequency Snapshot Sky Survey (MSSS), the first northern-sky Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) imaging survey. In this introductory paper, we first describe in detail the motivation and design of the survey. Compared to previous radio surveys, MSSS is exceptional due to its intrinsic multifrequency nature providing information about the spectral properties of the detected sources over more than two octaves (from 30 to 160 MHz). The broadband frequency coverage, together with the fast survey speed generated by LOFAR's multibeaming capabilities, make MSSS the first survey of the sort anticipated to be carried out with the forthcoming Square Kilometre Array (SKA). Two of the sixteen frequency bands included in the survey were chosen to exactly overlap the frequency coverage of large-area Very Large Array (VLA) and Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) surveys at 74MHz and 151MHz respectively. The survey performance is illustrated within the MSSS Verification Field (MVF), a region of 100 square degrees centered at (alpha, delta)(J2000) = (15(h), 69 degrees). The MSSS results from the MVF are compared with previous radio survey catalogs. We assess the flux and astrometric uncertainties in the catalog, as well as the completeness and reliability considering our source finding strategy. We determine the 90% completeness levels within the MVF to be 100 mJy at 135 MHz with 108 '' resolution, and 550 mJy at 50 MHz with 166 '' resolution. Images and catalogs for the full survey, expected to contain 150 000-200 000 sources, will be released to a public web server. We outline the plans for the ongoing production of the final survey products, and the ultimate public release of images and source catalogs.
radio continuum: general
surveys
Författare
G. H. Heald
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
R. F. Pizzo
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
E. Orru
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
R. P. Breton
University of Southampton
D. Carbone
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
C. Ferrari
Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur
M. J. Hardcastle
University of Hertfordshire
W. Jurusik
Uniwersytet Jagiellonski w Krakowie
G. Macario
Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur
D. Mulcahy
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
University of Southampton
D. Rafferty
Universität Hamburg
A. Asgekar
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
M. Brentjens
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
R. A. Fallows
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
W. Frieswijk
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
M. C. Toribio
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
B. Adebahr
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
M. Arts
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
M. R. Bell
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
A. Bonafede
Universität Hamburg
J. Bray
University of Southampton
J. Broderick
University of Oxford
University of Southampton
T. Cantwell
University of Southampton
P. Carroll
University of Washington
Y. Cendes
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
A. O. Clarke
University of Southampton
J. Croston
University of Southampton
S. Daiboo
Université Paris Diderot
F. De Gasperin
Universität Hamburg
J. Gregson
Open University
J. Harwood
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
University of Hertfordshire
T. Hassall
University of Southampton
V. Heesen
University of Southampton
A. Horneffer
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
A. J. van der Horst
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
M. Iacobelli
Universiteit Leiden
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
V. Jelic
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
D. Jones
Radboud Universiteit
D. kant
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
G. Kokotanekov
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
P. Martin
University of Southampton
J. P. McKean
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
L. K. Morabito
Universiteit Leiden
B. Nikiel-Wroczynski
Uniwersytet Jagiellonski w Krakowie
A. Offringa
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
V. N. Pandey
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
M. Pandey-Pommier
Université de Lyon
M. Pietka
University of Oxford
University of Southampton
L. Pratley
Victoria University
C. Riseley
University of Southampton
A. Rowlinson
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)
J. Sabater
University of Edinburgh
A. M. M. Scaife
University of Southampton
L. H. A. Scheers
Stichting Centrum voor Wiskunde & Informatica (CWI)
K. Sendlinger
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
A. Shulevski
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
M. Sipior
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
C. Sobey
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
A. J. Stewart
University of Southampton
University of Oxford
A. Stroe
Universiteit Leiden
J. Swinbank
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
C. Tasse
Université Paris Diderot
Square Kilometre Array, South Africa
Rhodes University
J. Trustedt
Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg
Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen Nurnberg (FAU)
Eskil Varenius
Chalmers, Rymd- och geovetenskap, Radioastronomi och astrofysik
S. van Velzen
Johns Hopkins University
N. Vilchez
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
R. J. van Weeren
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
S. Wijnholds
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
W. L. Williams
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
Universiteit Leiden
A. G. de Bruyn
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
R. Nijboer
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
M. Wise
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
A. Alexov
Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI)
J. Anderson
Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum (GFZ)
I. M. Avruch
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON)
R. Beck
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
M. E. Bell
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)
I. van Bemmel
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
M. J. Bentum
Universiteit Twente
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
G. Bernardi
Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (UNS)
P. Best
University of Edinburgh
F. Breitling
Leibniz-Institut Für Astrophysik Potsdam
W. N. Brouw
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
M. Brüggen
Universität Hamburg
H. R. Butcher
Australian National University
B. Ciardi
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
John Conway
Chalmers, Rymd- och geovetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium
E. de Geus
SmarterVision BV
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
A. de Jong
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
M. de Vos
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
A. Deller
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
R. J. Dettmar
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
S. Duscha
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
J. Eisloffel
Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg
D. Engels
Hamburger Sternwarte
H. Falcke
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
R. Fender
University of Oxford
M. A. Garrett
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
J. Griessmeier
Universite d'Orleans
Observatoire de Paris
A. W. Gunst
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
J. P. Hamaker
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
J. W. T. Hessels
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
M. Hoeft
Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg
J. Horandel
Radboud Universiteit
H. A. Holties
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
H. Intema
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Universiteit Leiden
N. J. Jackson
University of Manchester
E. Jutte
Ruhr-Universität Bochum
A. Karastergiou
University of Oxford
W. F. A. Klijn
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
V. I. Kondratiev
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
Astro Space Center of Lebedev Physical Institute
L. V. E. Koopmans
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
M. Kuniyoshi
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
G. Kuper
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
C. Law
University of California
J. van Leeuwen
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
M. Loose
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
P. Maat
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
S. Markoff
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
R. McFadden
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
D. McKay-Bukowski
STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
Oulun Yliopisto
M. Mevius
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
J. C. A. Miller-Jones
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
Curtin University
R. Morganti
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
H. Munk
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
A. Nelles
Radboud Universiteit
J. E. Noordam
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
M. J. Norden
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
H. Paas
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
A. G. Polatidis
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
W. Reich
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
A. Renting
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
H. Rottgering
Universiteit Leiden
A. Schoenmakers
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
D. Schwarz
Universiteit Twente
J. Sluman
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
O. Smirnov
Square Kilometre Array, South Africa
Rhodes University
B. W. Stappers
University of Manchester
M. Steinmetz
Leibniz-Institut Für Astrophysik Potsdam
M. Tagger
Universite d'Orleans
Y. Tang
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
S. ter Veen
Radboud Universiteit
S. Thoudam
Radboud Universiteit
R. Vermeulen
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
C. Vocks
Leibniz-Institut Für Astrophysik Potsdam
C. Vogt
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
Ramj Wijers
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
O. Wucknitz
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
S. Yatawatta
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
P. Zarka
Université Paris Diderot
Astronomy and Astrophysics
0004-6361 (ISSN) 1432-0746 (eISSN)
Vol. 582 22- A123Ämneskategorier (SSIF 2011)
Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi
DOI
10.1051/0004-6361/201425210