The Size, Shape, and Scattering of Sagittarius A∗ at 86 GHz: First VLBI with ALMA
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2019
The Galactic center supermassive black hole Sagittarius A∗ (Sgr A∗) is one of the most promising targets to study the dynamics of black hole accretion and outflow via direct imaging with very long baseline interferometry (VLBI). At 3.5 mm (86 GHz), the emission from Sgr A∗ is resolvable with the Global Millimeter VLBI Array (GMVA). We present the first observations of Sgr A∗ with the phased Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) joining the GMVA. Our observations achieve an angular resolution of ∼87 μas, improving upon previous experiments by a factor of two. We reconstruct a first image of the unscattered source structure of Sgr A∗ at 3.5 mm, mitigating the effects of interstellar scattering. The unscattered source has a major-axis size of 120 ±34 μas (12 ±3.4 Schwarzschild radii) and a symmetrical morphology (axial ratio of ), which is further supported by closure phases consistent with zero within 3σ. We show that multiple disk-dominated models of Sgr A∗ match our observational constraints, while the two jet-dominated models considered are constrained to small viewing angles. Our long-baseline detections to ALMA also provide new constraints on the scattering of Sgr A∗, and we show that refractive scattering effects are likely to be weak for images of Sgr A∗ at 1.3 mm with the Event Horizon Telescope. Our results provide the most stringent constraints to date for the intrinsic morphology and refractive scattering of Sgr A∗, demonstrating the exceptional contribution of ALMA to millimeter VLBI.
techniques: interferometric
galaxies: individual (Sgr A∗)
Galaxy: center
accretion, accretion disks
Författare
S. Issaoun
Radboud Universiteit
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Michael D. Johnson
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Lindy Blackburn
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
C. D. Brinkerink
Radboud Universiteit
M. Mościbrodzka
Radboud Universiteit
A. Chael
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
C. Goddi
Radboud Universiteit
Universiteit Leiden
Ivan Marti-Vidal
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium
Jan Wagner
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
S. Doeleman
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
H.D. Falcke
Radboud Universiteit
T.P. Krichbaum
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Kazunori Akiyama
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
U. Bach
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
K. L. Bouman
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
G. C. Bower
Academia Sinica
Avery E. Broderick
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
I. Cho
University of Science and Technology (UST)
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
G. Crew
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Jason Dexter
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
V. Fish
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
R. Gold
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
J. L. Gomez
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
K. Hada
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
A. Hernández-Gómez
Université de Toulouse
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
M. Janßen
Radboud Universiteit
M. Kino
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
M. Kramer
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
L. Loinard
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
R.S. Lu
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
S. Markoff
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
D. P. Marrone
University of Arizona
L. D. Matthews
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
J. M. Moran
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
C. Müller
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Radboud Universiteit
Freek Roelofs
Radboud Universiteit
Eduardo Ros
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
H. Rottmann
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
S. Sanchez
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
R. P. J. Tilanus
Universiteit Leiden
Radboud Universiteit
P. Vicente
Observatorio de Yebes (IGN)
M. Wielgus
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
A.J. Zensus
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
G. Y. Zhao
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Astrophysical Journal
0004-637X (ISSN) 1538-4357 (eISSN)
Vol. 871 1 30Ämneskategorier (SSIF 2011)
Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi
DOI
10.3847/1538-4357/aaf732