A search for transiting planets around hot subdwarfs: I. Methods and performance tests on light curves from Kepler, K2, TESS, and CHEOPS
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2021
Context. Hot subdwarfs experienced strong mass loss on the red giant branch (RGB) and are now hot and small He-burning objects. These stars constitute excellent opportunities for addressing the question of the evolution of exoplanetary systems directly after the RGB phase of evolution. Aims. In this project we aim to perform a transit survey in all available light curves of hot subdwarfs from space-based telescopes (Kepler, K2, TESS, and CHEOPS) with our custom-made pipeline SHERLOCK in order to determine the occurrence rate of planets around these stars as a function of orbital period and planetary radius. We also aim to determine whether planets that were previously engulfed in the envelope of their red giant host star can survive, even partially, as a planetary remnant. Methods. For this first paper, we performed injection-and-recovery tests of synthetic transits for a selection of representative Kepler, K2, and TESS light curves to determine which transiting bodies in terms of object radius and orbital period we will be able to detect with our tools. We also provide estimates for CHEOPS data, which we analyzed with the pycheops package. Results. Transiting objects with a radius ≤ 1.0 R⊕ can be detected in most of the Kepler, K2, and CHEOPS targets for the shortest orbital periods (1 d and shorter), reaching values as low as ∼0.3 R⊕ in the best cases. Sub-Earth-sized bodies are only reached for the brightest TESS targets and for those that were observed in a significant number of sectors. We also give a series of representative results for larger planets at greater distances, which strongly depend on the target magnitude and on the length and quality of the data. Conclusions. The TESS sample will provide the most important statistics for the global aim of measuring the planet occurrence rate around hot subdwarfs. The Kepler, K2, and CHEOPS data will allow us to search for planetary remnants, that is, very close and small (possibly disintegrating) objects.
Subdwarfs
Planetary systems
Techniques: photometric
Planet-star interactions
Stars: horizontal-branch
Författare
V. Van Grootel
Universite de Liège
Francisco J. Pozuelos
Universite de Liège
A. Thuillier
Universite de Liège
S. Charpinet
Université de Toulouse
L. Delrez
Universite de Liège
Université de Genève
M. Beck
Université de Genève
A. Fortier
Universität Bern
S. Hoyer
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
S.G. Sousa
Universidade do Porto
B. N. Barlow
High Point University
N. Billot
Université de Genève
M. Dévora-Pajares
Universidad de Granada
Universidad Internacional de Valencia
R. H. Østensen
Missouri State University
Y. Alibert
Universität Bern
R. Alonso
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Universidad de la Laguna
G. Anglada Escude´
Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE) - CSIC
Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)
J. Asquier
European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA ESTEC)
D. Barrado
European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC)
S.C.C. Barros
Universidade do Porto
W. Baumjohann
Institut fur Weltraumforschung
T. Beck
Universität Bern
A. Bekkelien
Université de Genève
W. Benz
Universität Bern
X. Bonfils
Université Grenoble Alpes
A. Brandeker
Stockholms universitet
C. Broeg
Universität Bern
G. Bruno
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
T. Bárczy
Admatis
J. Cabrera
Deutsches Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)
A.C. Cameron
University of St Andrews
S. Charnoz
Université Paris Descartes
Melvyn B. Davies
Lunds universitet
M. Deleuil
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
O. Demangeon
Universidade do Porto
B.O. Demory
Universität Bern
D. Ehrenreich
Université de Genève
Anders Erikson
Deutsches Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)
L. Fossati
Institut fur Weltraumforschung
Malcolm Fridlund
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Astronomi och plasmafysik
Universiteit Leiden
D. Futyan
Université de Genève
D. Gandolfi
Universita degli Studi di Torino
Michaël Gillon
Universite de Liège
M. Guedel
Universität Wien
Kevin Heng
The University of Warwick
Universität Bern
K. Isaak
European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA ESTEC)
L. Kiss
The University of Sydney
Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)
Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia
J. Laskar
Observatoire de Paris
A. L. des Etangs
Institut d 'Astrophysique de Paris
M. Lendl
Université de Genève
C. Lovis
Université de Genève
D. Magrin
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
P. Maxted
Keele University
M. Mecina
Institut fur Weltraumforschung
Universität Wien
A. J. Mustill
Lunds universitet
Valerio Nascimbeni
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
G. Olofsson
Stockholms universitet
R. Ottensamer
Universität Wien
I. Pagano
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
E. Palle
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Universidad de la Laguna
G. Peter
Deutsches Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)
Giampaolo P. Piotto
Università di Padova
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
J. Y. Plesseria
Universite de Liège
Don L. Pollacco
The University of Warwick
D. Queloz
University of Cambridge
Université de Genève
Roberto Ragazzoni
Università di Padova
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
N. Rando
European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA ESTEC)
H. Rauer
Technische Universität Berlin
Freie Universität Berlin
Deutsches Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)
I. Ribas
Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)
Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE) - CSIC
N. C. Santos
Universidade do Porto
Gaetano Scandariato
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
D. Segransan
Université de Genève
R. Silvotti
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
A.E. Simon
Universität Bern
Alexis M. S. Smith
Deutsches Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)
Manfred B. Steller
Institut fur Weltraumforschung
G.M. Szabó
Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)
Nicolas Thomas
Universität Bern
S. Udry
Université de Genève
V. Viotto
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
N. A. Walton
University of Cambridge
K. Westerdorff
Deutsches Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)
T.G. Wilson
University of St Andrews
Astronomy and Astrophysics
0004-6361 (ISSN) 1432-0746 (eISSN)
Vol. 650 A205Ämneskategorier
Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi
Biomedicinsk laboratorievetenskap/teknologi
Signalbehandling
DOI
10.1051/0004-6361/202140381