Revealing higher-order light and matter energy exchanges using quantum trajectories in ultrastrong coupling
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2022

The dynamics of open quantum systems is often modeled using master equations, which describe the expected outcome of an experiment (i.e., the average over many realizations of the same dynamics). Quantum trajectories, instead, model the outcome of ideal single experiments - the "clicks"of a perfect detector due to, e.g., spontaneous emission. The correct description of quantum jumps, which are related to random events characterizing a sudden change in the wave function of an open quantum system, is pivotal to the definition of quantum trajectories. In this article, we extend the formalism of quantum trajectories to open quantum systems with ultrastrong coupling (USC) between light and matter by properly defining jump operators in this regime. In such systems, exotic higher-order quantum-state and energy transfer can take place without conserving the total number of excitations in the system. The emitted field of such USC systems bears signatures of these higher-order processes, and significantly differs from similar processes at lower coupling strengths. Notably, the emission statistics must be taken at a single quantum trajectory level, since the signatures of these processes are washed out by the "averaging"of a master equation. We analyze the impact of the chosen unraveling (i.e., how one collects the output field of the system) for the quantum trajectories and show that these effects of the higher-order USC processes can be revealed in experiments by constructing histograms of detected quantum jumps. We illustrate these ideas by analyzing the excitation of two atoms by a single photon [Garziano, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 043601 (2016)0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.117.043601]. For example, quantum trajectories reveal that keeping track of the quantum jumps from the atoms allows one to reconstruct both the oscillations between one photon and two atoms as well as emerging Rabi oscillations between the two atoms.

Författare

Vincenzo MacRí

RIKEN

Fabrizio Minganti

Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL)

RIKEN

Anton Frisk Kockum

Chalmers, Mikroteknologi och nanovetenskap, Tillämpad kvantfysik

Alessandro Ridolfo

Universita degli Studi di Catania

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare

Salvatore Savasta

Universita degli Studi di Messina

RIKEN

F. Nori

RIKEN

University of Michigan

Physical Review A

24699926 (ISSN) 24699934 (eISSN)

Vol. 105 2 023720

Stora atomer - en ny regim för kvantoptik

Vetenskapsrådet (VR) (2019-03696), 2020-01-01 -- 2023-12-31.

Ämneskategorier

Atom- och molekylfysik och optik

Annan fysik

Den kondenserade materiens fysik

DOI

10.1103/PhysRevA.105.023720

Mer information

Senast uppdaterat

2024-01-03