Skin stimulation and recording: Moving towards metal-free electrodes
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2022
When one thinks about electrodes, especially ones meant for humans, one typically thinks of some kind of metal. Whether on the skin or in the brain, metal electrodes are characteristically expensive, stiff, non-efficient in electron-ion transduction, and prone to toxic metal ion by-products during stimulation. In order to circumvent these disadvantages, electrically-conductive laser-induced graphene (LIG) and mixed electron-ion conducting polymer (poly(3, 4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate – PEDOT:PSS) was leveraged to create a metal-free electrode combination that allows for an economical, soft, and organic electrode for applications on human skin. Compared to clinical-standard silver – silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) skin electrodes, the metal-free hydrogel electrodes show notable improvement in electrochemical stability and prolonged stable potentials during long-term DC stimulation (0.5–24 h). Recording and stimulation performance on human participants rivals that of Ag/AgCl, thus fortifying the notion that they are an appropriate progression to their noble metal counterparts.
Direct current stimulation
Bioelectronics
Conducting hydrogels
Skin electrodes
Författare
Sebastian W. Shaner
Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
Monsur Islam
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Morten B. Kristoffersen
Center for Bionics and Pain Research
Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset
Raheleh Azmi
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Stefan Heissler
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Max Jair Ortiz Catalan
Center for Bionics and Pain Research
Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset
Chalmers, Elektroteknik, System- och reglerteknik
Jan G. Korvink
Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)
Maria Asplund
Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg
Luleå tekniska universitet
Biosensors and Bioelectronics: X
25901370 (eISSN)
Vol. 11 100143Ämneskategorier (SSIF 2011)
Oorganisk kemi
Analytisk kemi
Materialkemi
DOI
10.1016/j.biosx.2022.100143