Deficiency of SARS-CoV-2 T-cell responses after vaccination in long-term allo-HSCT survivors translates into abated humoral immunity
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2022
Recipients of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for hematological diseases are at risk of severe disease and death from COVID-19. To determine the safety and immunogenicity of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines, samples from 50 infection-naive allo-HSCT recipients (median, 92 months from transplantation, range, 7-340 months) and 39 healthy controls were analyzed for serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) against the receptor binding domain (RBD) within spike 1 (S1) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; anti–RBD-S1 IgG) and for SARS-CoV-2–specific T-cell immunity, reflected by induction of T-cell–derived interferon-g in whole blood stimulated ex vivo with 15-mer SI-spanning peptides with 11 amino acid overlap S1-spanning peptides. The rate of seroconversion was not significantly lower in allo-transplanted patients than in controls with 24% (12/50) and 6% (3/50) of patients remaining seronegative after the first and second vaccination, respectively. However, 58% of transplanted patients lacked T-cell responses against S1 peptides after 1 vaccination compared with 19% of controls (odds ratio [OR] 0.17; P 5 .009, Fisher’s exact test) with a similar trend after the second vaccination where 28% of patients were devoid of detectable specific T-cell immunity, compared with 6% of controls (OR 0.18; P 5 .02, Fisher’s exact test). Importantly, lack of T-cell reactivity to S1 peptides after vaccination heralded substandard levels (,100 BAU/mL) of anti–RBD-S1 IgG 5 to 6 months after the second vaccine dose (OR 8.2; P 5 .007, Fisher’s exact test). We conclude that although allo-HSCT recipients achieve serum anti–RBD-S1 IgG against SARS-CoV-2 after 2 vaccinations, a deficiency of SARS-CoV-2–specific T-cell immunity may subsequently translate into insufficient humoral responses.
Författare
Sigrun Einarsdottir
Göteborgs universitet
Anna Martner
Göteborgs universitet
Jesper Waldenström
Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset
Göteborgs universitet
Malin Nicklasson
Göteborgs universitet
Johan Ringlander
Göteborgs universitet
Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset
Mohammad Arabpour
Göteborgs universitet
Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset
Andreas Törnell
Göteborgs universitet
Hanna Grauers Wiktorin
Göteborgs universitet
Staffan Nilsson
Chalmers, Matematiska vetenskaper, Tillämpad matematik och statistik
Göteborgs universitet
Rudy Bittar
Göteborgs universitet
Malin S. Nilsson
Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset
Mikael Lisak
Göteborgs universitet
Malin Veje
Göteborgs universitet
Vanda Friman
Göteborgs universitet
Samer Al-Dury
Wallenberg Lab.
Tomas Bergström
Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset
Göteborgs universitet
Per Ljungman
Karolinska universitetssjukhuset
Karolinska Institutet
Mats Brune
Göteborgs universitet
Kristoffer Hellstrand
Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset
Göteborgs universitet
Martin Lagging
Sahlgrenska universitetssjukhuset
Göteborgs universitet
Blood Advances
24739529 (ISSN) 24739537 (eISSN)
Vol. 6 9 2723-2730Ämneskategorier
Infektionsmedicin
Immunologi inom det medicinska området
Gastroenterologi
Hematologi
DOI
10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006937
PubMed
35286374