Flexibility from local resources: Congestion management in distribution grids and carbon emission reductions
Licentiatavhandling, 2023
The first area focuses on challenges, design, and evaluation of local flexibility markets (LFMs) for congestion management in distribution grids. The utilized methods include literature review, field studies, scenario planning methods, and demonstration and simulation experiments.
Results for identifying the challenges show that the most impactful and uncertain factors are the willingness and ability of end-users to participate in LFMs, and regulatory incentives for distribution system operators (DSOs). Moreover, five challenges are identified for LFM design including low market liquidity, reliability concerns, baselines, forecast errors at low aggregation levels, and the high cost of sub-meter measurements.
An LFM design is proposed to address the challenges. The design is a triple horizon market structure including reservation, activation, and adjustment horizons which can support decision making of market participants and improve market liquidity and reliability. Adapted capacity-limitation products are proposed that are calculated based on net-load and subscribed connection capacity of end-users. The products can reduce conflict of interests, and administrative and sub-meter measurement costs related to delivery validation and baselines. Moreover, probabilistic approaches for calculating the cost and value of the products are proposed that can reduce the potential cost of forecast errors for market participants while providing insights on how the utility and cost of the products can be calculated.
Evaluating the proposed design is an ongoing work utilizing simulations and real-life demonstrations. The most suitable congestion management solution can vary depending on the context and test-system. Therefore, the evaluation should include comparing the design with other congestion management solutions such as power tariffs. A comparison toolbox is proposed to be used by researchers and DSOs including a qualitative comparison framework and a reusable modeling platform for the quantitative comparison. Four cases are quantitatively compared using the toolbox on a sub-area of Chalmers campus testbed: i) LFM+PT+ET (i.e., considering the LFM, power tariff (PT), and energy cost (ET) simultaneously), ii) LFM+ET, iii) PT+ET, and iv) ET. The most recent results show that case (i), has the lowest number of congested hours. Moreover, congestions due to rebound effects from activating the LFM are observed. The comparison of cases (i) and (ii) suggests that enforcing power tariffs besides the LFM can reduce the rebound effects.
The second area utilizes a multi-objective optimization model for identifying CO2 emission abatement strategies and their cost for Chalmers testbed local multi-energy system. The results of the case study show that the carbon emission footprint of the local system can be reduced by 20.8% with a 2.2% increase in the cost. The operation strategies for this purpose include more usage of biomass boilers in heat production, substitution of district heating and absorption chillers with heat pumps, and higher utilization of storage. The cost of the strategies ranged from 36.6-100.2 €/tCO2.
This thesis can benefit system operators, flexibility asset owners, policy makers, and researchers dealing with local flexibility resources by offering insights into the challenges and proposing solutions and toolboxes for implementation and evaluation.
Flexibility
local energy system
local flexibility market
emission abatement strate- gies
congestion management
distribution system operator
Författare
Nima Mirzaei Alavijeh
Chalmers, Elektroteknik, Elkraftteknik
Key Drivers and Future Scenarios of Local Energy and Flexibility Markets
2021 IEEE Madrid PowerTech, PowerTech 2021 - Conference Proceedings,;(2021)
Paper i proceeding
Local flexibility market framework for grid support services to distribution networks
Electrical Engineering,;Vol. 104(2022)p. 401-419
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift
Capacity limitation based local flexibility market for congestion management in distribution networks: Design and challenges
International Journal of Electrical Power and Energy Systems,;Vol. 156(2024)
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift
A toolbox for comparing congestion management solutions for distribution networks
2023 IEEE Belgrade PowerTech, PowerTech 2023,;(2023)
Paper i proceeding
FlexiGrid Tools for Real-Life Demonstrations of Local Energy System Concepts at Chalmers Campus Testbed
2023 IEEE Belgrade PowerTech,;(2023)
Paper i proceeding
Cost-Effectiveness of Carbon Emission Abatement Strategies for a Local Multi-Energy System - A Case Study of Chalmers University of Technology Campus
Energies,;Vol. 13(2020)
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift
ENABLING FLEXIBILITY FOR FUTURE DISTRIBUTION GRID (FLEXIGRID)
Europeiska kommissionen (EU) (EC/H2020/864048), 2019-11-01 -- 2023-04-30.
Ämneskategorier
Elektroteknik och elektronik
Energisystem
Utgivare
Chalmers
Room EE, EDIT Building, Hörsalsvägen 11
Opponent: Assistant Professor Charalampos Ziras, Department of Wind and Energy Systems, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Denmark