First M87 Event Horizon Telescope Results. IX. Detection of Near-horizon Circular Polarization
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2023
Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations have revealed a bright ring of emission around the supermassive black hole at the center of the M87 galaxy. EHT images in linear polarization have further identified a coherent spiral pattern around the black hole, produced from ordered magnetic fields threading the emitting plasma. Here we present the first analysis of circular polarization using EHT data, acquired in 2017, which can potentially provide additional insights into the magnetic fields and plasma composition near the black hole. Interferometric closure quantities provide convincing evidence for the presence of circularly polarized emission on event-horizon scales. We produce images of the circular polarization using both traditional and newly developed methods. All methods find a moderate level of resolved circular polarization across the image (〈|v|〉 < 3.7%), consistent with the low image-integrated circular polarization fraction measured by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (|vint| < 1%). Despite this broad agreement, the methods show substantial variation in the morphology of the circularly polarized emission, indicating that our conclusions are strongly dependent on the imaging assumptions because of the limited baseline coverage, uncertain telescope gain calibration, and weakly polarized signal. We include this upper limit in an updated comparison to general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulation models. This analysis reinforces the previously reported preference for magnetically arrested accretion flow models. We find that most simulations naturally produce a low level of circular polarization consistent with our upper limit and that Faraday conversion is likely the dominant production mechanism for circular polarization at 230 GHz in M87*
Författare
Kazunori Akiyama
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Antxon Alberdi
Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA)
Walter Alef
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Juan-Carlos Algaba
University of Malaya
Richard Anantua
Harvard University
K. Asada
Academia Sinica
R. Azulay
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
U. Bach
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
A. K. Baczko
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
David Ball
University of Arizona
Mislav Baloković
Yale University
John Barrett
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
M. Bauböck
University of Illinois
Bradford A. Benson
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Dan Bintley
East Asian Observatory
Lindy Blackburn
Harvard University
R. Blundell
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
K. L. Bouman
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
G. C. Bower
Academia Sinica
Hope Boyce
McGill University
M. Bremer
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
C. D. Brinkerink
Radboud Universiteit
Roger Brissenden
Harvard University
Silke Britzen
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Avery E. Broderick
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
D. Broguière
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Thomas Bronzwaer
Radboud Universiteit
Sandra Bustamente
University of Massachusetts
Do Young Byun
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
J. E. Carlstrom
University of Chicago
Chiara Ceccobello
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Astronomi och plasmafysik
A. Chael
Princeton University
Chi Kwan Chan
University of Arizona
Dominic O. Chang
Harvard University
Koushik Chatterjee
Harvard University
S. Chatterjee
Cornell University
Ming Tang Chen
Academia Sinica
Yongjun Chen
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
X. P. Cheng
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
I. Cho
Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA)
Pierre Christian
Fairfield University
Nicholas S. Conroy
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
John Conway
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium
James M. Cordes
Cornell University
Thomas M. Crawford
University of Chicago
G. Crew
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Alejandro Cruz-Osorio
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Yuzhu Cui
Zhejiang Lab
Rohan Dahale
Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA)
Jordy Davelaar
Radboud Universiteit
Mariafelicia De Laurentis
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
R. P. Deane
University of Witwatersrand
Jessica Dempsey
East Asian Observatory
Gregory Desvignes
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jason Dexter
JILA
Vedant Dhruv
University of Illinois
S. Doeleman
Harvard University
Sean Dougal
University of Arizona
Sergio A. Dzib
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Ralph P. Eatough
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Razieh Emami
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
H.D. Falcke
Radboud Universiteit
Joseph R. Farah
Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network
V. Fish
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
E. Fomalont
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
H. Alyson Ford
University of Arizona
Marianna Foschi
Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA)
R. Fraga-Encinas
Radboud Universiteit
William T. Freeman
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
P. Friberg
East Asian Observatory
Christian M. Fromm
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Antonio Fuentes
Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA)
Peter Galison
Harvard University
Charles F. Gammie
University of Illinois
Roberto Garcia
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Olivier Gentaz
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Boris Georgiev
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
C. Goddi
Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP)
R. Gold
Syddansk Universitet
Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz
Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrońica
J. L. Gomez
Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA)
Minfeng Gu
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
M. Gurwell
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
K. Hada
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Daryl Haggard
McGill University
Kari Haworth
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Michael H. Hecht
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
R. Hesper
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Dirk Heumann
University of Arizona
Luis C. Ho
Beijing University of Technology
P. T. P. Ho
Academia Sinica
Mareki Honma
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Chih Wei L. Huang
Academia Sinica
Lei Huang
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
D. Hughes
Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrońica
Shiro Ikeda
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
C.M. Violette Impellizzeri
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Makoto Inoue
Academia Sinica
S. Issaoun
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
David J. James
ASTRAVEO
Buell T. Jannuzi
University of Arizona
Michael Janssen
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Britton Jeter
Academia Sinica
Wu Jiang
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
Alejandra Jimenez-Rosales
Radboud Universiteit
Michael D. Johnson
Harvard University
S.G. Jorstad
Boston University
Abhishek V. Joshi
University of Illinois
Taehyun Jung
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Mansour Karami
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
R. Karuppusamy
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Tomohisa Kawashima
University of Tokyo
G. Keating
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
M. M. Kettenis
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
Dong-Jin Kim
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jae-Young Kim
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jongsoo Kim
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Junhan Kim
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
M. Kino
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Jun Yi Koay
Academia Sinica
Prashant Kocherlakota
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Yutaro Kofuji
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Patrick M. Koch
Academia Sinica
Shoko Koyama
Academia Sinica
C. Kramer
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Joana A. Kramer
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
M. Kramer
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
T.P. Krichbaum
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Greg Lindahl
Academia Sinica
Michael Lindqvist
Radboud Universiteit
Tod R. Lauer
National Optical Astronomy Observatory
Daeyoung Lee
University of Illinois
Sang Sung Lee
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Po Kin Leung
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Aviad Levis
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Zhiyuan Li
Nanjing University
R. Lico
Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA)
Greg Lindahl
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Michael Lindqvist
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium
Mikhail Lisakov
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jun Liu
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Kuo Liu
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Elisabetta Liuzzo
Istituto di Radioastronomia
Wen-Ping Lo
Academia Sinica
A. P. Lobanov
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
L. Loinard
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Colin Lonsdale
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Amy E. Lowitz
University of Arizona
R.S. Lu
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
N. R. Macdonald
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jirong Mao
Yunnan Observatories
Nicola Marchili
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
S. Markoff
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy
D. P. Marrone
University of Arizona
A. Marscher
Boston University
Ivan Marti-Vidal
Universitat de Valencia
S. Matsushita
Academia Sinica
Lynn D. Matthews
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Lia Medeiros
Princeton University
K. Menten
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Daniel Michalik
University of Chicago
Izumi Mizuno
East Asian Observatory
Yosuke Mizuno
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
James M. Moran
Harvard University
Kotaro Moriyama
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
M. Mościbrodzka
Radboud Universiteit
Wanga Mulaudzi
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy
C. Müller
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Hendrik Müller
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
A. Mus
Universitat de Valencia
Gibwa Musoke
Radboud Universiteit
I. Myserlis
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Andrew Nadolski
University of Illinois
H. Nagai
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
N. M. Nagar
Universidad de Concepción
Masanori Nakamura
Academia Sinica
Ramesh Narayan
Harvard University
Gopal Narayanan
University of Massachusetts
Iniyan Natarajan
Harvard University
Antonios Nathanail
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Santiago Navarro Fuentes
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Joey Neilsen
Villanova University
R. Neri
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Chunchong Ni
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
A. Noutsos
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Michael A. Nowak
Washington University in St. Louis
Junghwan Oh
Sejong University
Hiroki Okino
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Héctor Olivares
Radboud Universiteit
G.N. Ortiz-León
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Tomoaki Oyama
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Feryal Özel
Georgia Institute of Technology
Daniel C.M. Palumbo
Harvard University
Georgios Filippos Paraschos
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jongho Park
Kyung Hee University
Harriet Parsons
East Asian Observatory
N. Patel
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
U. L. Pen
Academia Sinica
Dominic W. Pesce
Harvard University
Vincent Piétu
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Richard L. Plambeck
University of California
Aleksandar PopStefanija
University of Massachusetts
Oliver Porth
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Felix M. Pötzl
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Ben Prather
University of Illinois
Jorge A. Preciado-López
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Dimitrios Psaltis
Georgia Institute of Technology
Hung-Yi Pu
Academia Sinica
Venkatessh Ramakrishnan
Universidad de Concepción
R. Rao
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
M.G. Rawlings
East Asian Observatory
Alexander W. Raymond
Harvard University
Luciano Rezzolla
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Angelo Ricarte
Harvard University
Bart Ripperda
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
F. Roelofs
Harvard University
A.E.E. Rogers
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
C. Romero-Cañizales
Academia Sinica
Eduardo Ros
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Arash Roshanineshat
University of Arizona
H. Rottmann
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
A. Roy
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Ignacio Ruiz
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
C. Ruszczyk
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Kazi L.J. Rygl
Istituto di Radioastronomia
S. Sanchez
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
David Sánchez-Arguelles
Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrońica
M. Sánchez Portal
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Mahito Sasada
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Kaushik Satapathy
University of Arizona
T. Savolainen
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
T. Savolainen
University of Massachusetts
Jonathan Schonfeld
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
K. Schuster
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Lijing Shao
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Zhi Qiang Shen
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
Des Small
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
B. W. Sohn
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
J. SooHoo
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
León David Sosapanta Salas
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy
Kamal Souccar
University of Massachusetts
He Sun
Beijing University of Technology
Fumie Tazaki
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Alexandra J. Tetarenko
University of Lethbridge
Paul Tiede
Harvard University
R. P. J. Tilanus
University of Arizona
M. Titus
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Pablo Torne
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Teresa Toscano
Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA)
E. Traianou
Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA)
Tyler Trent
University of Arizona
S. Trippe
Seoul National University
Matthew Turk
University of Illinois
I. van Bemmel
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
H. J. van Langevelde
Universiteit Leiden
Daniel R. van Rossum
Radboud Universiteit
Jesse Vos
Radboud Universiteit
Jan Wagner
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
D. Ward-Thompson
University of Central Lancashire
John Wardle
Brandeis University
Jasmin E. Washington
University of Arizona
J. Weintroub
Harvard University
Robert Wharton
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
M. Wielgus
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
K. Wiik
Tuorla Observatory
Gunther Witzel
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Michael F. Wondrak
Radboud Universiteit
George N. Wong
Princeton University
Qingwen Wu
Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Nitika Yadlapalli
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Paul Yamaguchi
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Aristomenis Yfantis
Radboud Universiteit
Doosoo Yoon
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy
A. Young
Radboud Universiteit
K. Young
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Ziri Younsi
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Wei Yu
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Feng Yuan
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
Ye-Fei Yuan
University of Science and Technology of China
A.J. Zensus
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Shuo Zhang
Michigan State University
G. Y. Zhao
Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA)
Shan-Shan Zhao
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
Astrophysical Journal Letters
2041-8205 (ISSN) 2041-8213 (eISSN)
Vol. 957 2 L20RadioNet 4
Europeiska kommissionen (EU) (EC/H2020/730562), 2017-01-01 -- 2020-12-31.
Onsala rymdobservatorium infrastruktur
Vetenskapsrådet (VR) (2017-00648), 2018-01-01 -- 2021-12-31.
Ämneskategorier
Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi
DOI
10.3847/2041-8213/acff70