A Search for Pulsars around Sgr A* in the First Event Horizon Telescope Data Set
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2023
In 2017 the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observed the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), at a frequency of 228.1 GHz (lambda = 1.3 mm). The fundamental physics tests that even a single pulsar orbiting Sgr A* would enable motivate searching for pulsars in EHT data sets. The high observing frequency means that pulsars-which typically exhibit steep emission spectra-are expected to be very faint. However, it also negates pulse scattering, an effect that could hinder pulsar detections in the Galactic center. Additionally, magnetars or a secondary inverse Compton emission could be stronger at millimeter wavelengths than at lower frequencies. We present a search for pulsars close to Sgr A* using the data from the three most sensitive stations in the EHT 2017 campaign: the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, the Large Millimeter Telescope, and the IRAM 30 m Telescope. We apply three detection methods based on Fourier-domain analysis, the fast folding algorithm, and single-pulse searches targeting both pulsars and burst-like transient emission. We use the simultaneity of the observations to confirm potential candidates. No new pulsars or significant bursts were found. Being the first pulsar search ever carried out at such high radio frequencies, we detail our analysis methods and give a detailed estimation of the sensitivity of the search. We conclude that the EHT 2017 observations are only sensitive to a small fraction (less than or similar to 2.2%) of the pulsars that may exist close to Sgr A*, motivating further searches for fainter pulsars in the region.
Författare
Pablo Torne
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Kuo Liu
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Ralph P. Eatough
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jompoj Wongphechauxsorn
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
James M. Cordes
Cornell University
Gregory Desvignes
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Université Paris Descartes
Mariafelicia De Laurentis
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Michael Kramer
University of Manchester
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Scott M. Ransom
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Shami Chatterjee
Cornell University
Robert Wharton
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Ramesh Karuppusamy
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Lindy Blackburn
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Harvard University
Michael Janssen
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Chi-Kwan Chan
University of Arizona
Geoffrey B. Crew
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Lynn D. Matthews
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Ciriaco Goddi
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP)
Universita degli Studi di Cagliari
Helge Rottmann
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jan Wagner
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Salvador Sanchez
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Ignacio Ruiz
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Federico Abbate
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Geoffrey C. Bower
University of Hawaii
Academia Sinica
Juan J. Salamanca
Universidad de Oviedo
Arturo I. Gomez-Ruiz
Inst Nacl Astrofis Optic & Elect
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia Mexico
Alfredo Herrera-Aguilar
Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla
Wu Jiang
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Ru-Sen Lu
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Ue-Li Pen
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
University of Toronto
Academia Sinica
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
Alexander W. Raymond
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Lijing Shao
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Beijing University of Technology
Zhiqiang Shen
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Gabriel Paubert
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Miguel Sanchez-Portal
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Carsten Kramer
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Manuel Castillo
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Santiago Navarro
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
David John
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Karl-Friedrich Schuster
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Michael D. Johnson
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Kazi L. J. Rygl
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Italian ALMA Regional Centre
Kazunori Akiyama
Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP)
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Harvard University
Antxon Alberdi
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Walter Alef
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Juan Carlos Algaba
University of Malaya
Richard Anantua
University of Texas at San Antonio
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Harvard University
Keiichi Asada
Academia Sinica
Rebecca Azulay
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Universitat de Valencia
Uwe Bach
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Anne-Kathrin Baczko
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium
David Ball
University of Arizona
Mislav Balokovic
Yale University
John Barrett
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Michi Baubock
University of Illinois
Bradford A. Benson
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
University of Chicago
Dan Bintley
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
East Asian Observatory
Raymond Blundell
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Katherine L. Bouman
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Hope Boyce
McGill University
Michael Bremer
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Christiaan D. Brinkerink
Radboud Universiteit
Roger Brissenden
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Harvard University
Silke Britzen
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Avery E. Broderick
University of Waterloo
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Dominique Broguiere
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Thomas Bronzwaer
Radboud Universiteit
Sandra Bustamante
University of Massachusetts
Do-Young Byun
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
University of Science and Technology (UST)
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Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, 5640 S Ellis Ave
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Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium
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Princeton University
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Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Harvard University
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Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Ming-Tang Chen
Academia Sinica
Yongjun Chen
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xiaopeng Cheng
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
I. Cho
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Pierre Christian
Fairfield Univ, Dept Phys, 1073 N Benson Rd
Nicholas S. Conroy
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
University of Illinois
John E. Conway
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium
Thomas M. Crawford
Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, 5640 S Ellis Ave
University of Chicago
Alejandro Cruz-Osorio
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Yuzhu Cui
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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Radboud Universiteit
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Universiteit van Pretoria
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James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
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University of Colorado at Boulder
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University of Illinois
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Harvard University
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University of Arizona
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Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
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Radboud Universiteit
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University of California at Santa Barbara
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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National Radio Astronomy Observatory
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University of Arizona
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Harvard University
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University of Illinois
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Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
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Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
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University of Waterloo
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Syddansk Universitet
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Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
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The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)
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McGill University
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Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
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University of Arizona
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Beijing University of Technology
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East Asian Observatory
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Mareki Honma
University of Tokyo
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
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Academia Sinica
Lei Huang
Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Inst Nacl Astrofis Optic & Elect
Shiro Ikeda
University of Tokyo
The Institute of Statistical Mathematics
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)
C. M. Violette Impellizzeri
Universiteit Leiden
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
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Academia Sinica
Sara Issaoun
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
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Boston University
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Kyungpook National University
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Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
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California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
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National Taiwan University
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Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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Universiteit Van Amsterdam
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Universiteit Van Amsterdam
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University of Chicago
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Universitat de Valencia
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University of Illinois
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National Institute of Technology, Hachinohe College
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University of Massachusetts
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Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
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Villanova University
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Washington University in St. Louis
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Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia Mexico
Inst Nacl Astrofis Optic & Elect
Mahito Sasada
Hiroshima University
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Kaushik Satapathy
University of Arizona
Tuomas Savolainen
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
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F. Peter Schloerb
University of Massachusetts
Jonathan Schonfeld
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Des Small
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
Bong Won Sohn
University of Science and Technology (UST)
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Yonsei University
Jason SooHoo
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Kamal Souccar
University of Massachusetts
He Sun
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Alexandra J. Tetarenko
University of Lethbridge
Paul Tiede
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
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Remo P. J. Tilanus
Radboud Universiteit
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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Efthalia Traianou
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Tyler Trent
University of Arizona
Sascha Trippe
Seoul National University
Matthew Turk
University of Illinois
Ilse van Bemmel
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
Huib Jan van Langevelde
University of New Mexico
Universiteit Leiden
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium
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Daniel R. van Rossum
Radboud Universiteit
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Radboud Universiteit
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University of Central Lancashire
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Princeton University
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Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
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Radboud Universiteit
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Universiteit Van Amsterdam
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Radboud Universiteit
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University College London (UCL)
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Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Feng Yuan
Chinese Academy of Sciences
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University of Science and Technology of China
J. Anton Zensus
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Shuo Zhang
Bard College
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Shan-Shan Zhao
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Astrophysical Journal
0004-637X (ISSN) 1538-4357 (eISSN)
Vol. 959 1 14Onsala rymdobservatorium infrastruktur
Vetenskapsrådet (VR) (2017-00648), 2018-01-01 -- 2021-12-31.
Ämneskategorier
Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi
DOI
10.3847/1538-4357/acf4f2