A Search for Pulsars around Sgr A* in the First Event Horizon Telescope Data Set
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2023

In 2017 the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observed the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), at a frequency of 228.1 GHz (lambda = 1.3 mm). The fundamental physics tests that even a single pulsar orbiting Sgr A* would enable motivate searching for pulsars in EHT data sets. The high observing frequency means that pulsars-which typically exhibit steep emission spectra-are expected to be very faint. However, it also negates pulse scattering, an effect that could hinder pulsar detections in the Galactic center. Additionally, magnetars or a secondary inverse Compton emission could be stronger at millimeter wavelengths than at lower frequencies. We present a search for pulsars close to Sgr A* using the data from the three most sensitive stations in the EHT 2017 campaign: the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, the Large Millimeter Telescope, and the IRAM 30 m Telescope. We apply three detection methods based on Fourier-domain analysis, the fast folding algorithm, and single-pulse searches targeting both pulsars and burst-like transient emission. We use the simultaneity of the observations to confirm potential candidates. No new pulsars or significant bursts were found. Being the first pulsar search ever carried out at such high radio frequencies, we detail our analysis methods and give a detailed estimation of the sensitivity of the search. We conclude that the EHT 2017 observations are only sensitive to a small fraction (less than or similar to 2.2%) of the pulsars that may exist close to Sgr A*, motivating further searches for fainter pulsars in the region.

Författare

Pablo Torne

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Kuo Liu

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Ralph P. Eatough

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Jompoj Wongphechauxsorn

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

James M. Cordes

Cornell University

Gregory Desvignes

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Université Paris Descartes

Mariafelicia De Laurentis

Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main

Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare

Michael Kramer

University of Manchester

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Scott M. Ransom

National Radio Astronomy Observatory

Shami Chatterjee

Cornell University

Robert Wharton

California Institute of Technology (Caltech)

Ramesh Karuppusamy

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Lindy Blackburn

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Harvard University

Michael Janssen

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Chi-Kwan Chan

University of Arizona

Geoffrey B. Crew

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

Lynn D. Matthews

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

Ciriaco Goddi

Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare

Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP)

Universita degli Studi di Cagliari

Helge Rottmann

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Jan Wagner

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Salvador Sanchez

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)

Ignacio Ruiz

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)

Federico Abbate

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Geoffrey C. Bower

University of Hawaii

Academia Sinica

Juan J. Salamanca

Universidad de Oviedo

Arturo I. Gomez-Ruiz

Inst Nacl Astrofis Optic & Elect

Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia Mexico

Alfredo Herrera-Aguilar

Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla

Wu Jiang

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Ru-Sen Lu

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Ue-Li Pen

Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics

University of Toronto

Academia Sinica

Canadian Institute for Advanced Research

Alexander W. Raymond

Harvard University

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Lijing Shao

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Beijing University of Technology

Zhiqiang Shen

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Gabriel Paubert

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)

Miguel Sanchez-Portal

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)

Carsten Kramer

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)

Manuel Castillo

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)

Santiago Navarro

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)

David John

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)

Karl-Friedrich Schuster

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)

Michael D. Johnson

Harvard University

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Kazi L. J. Rygl

Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)

Italian ALMA Regional Centre

Kazunori Akiyama

Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP)

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

Harvard University

Antxon Alberdi

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)

Walter Alef

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Juan Carlos Algaba

University of Malaya

Richard Anantua

University of Texas at San Antonio

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Harvard University

Keiichi Asada

Academia Sinica

Rebecca Azulay

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Universitat de Valencia

Uwe Bach

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Anne-Kathrin Baczko

Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium

David Ball

University of Arizona

Mislav Balokovic

Yale University

John Barrett

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

Michi Baubock

University of Illinois

Bradford A. Benson

Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory

University of Chicago

Dan Bintley

James Clerk Maxwell Telescope

East Asian Observatory

Raymond Blundell

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Katherine L. Bouman

California Institute of Technology (Caltech)

Hope Boyce

McGill University

Michael Bremer

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)

Christiaan D. Brinkerink

Radboud Universiteit

Roger Brissenden

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Harvard University

Silke Britzen

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Avery E. Broderick

University of Waterloo

Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics

Dominique Broguiere

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)

Thomas Bronzwaer

Radboud Universiteit

Sandra Bustamante

University of Massachusetts

Do-Young Byun

Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute

University of Science and Technology (UST)

John E. Carlstrom

Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, 5640 S Ellis Ave

Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave

University of Chicago

Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, 5720 S Ellis Ave

Chiara Ceccobello

Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium

Andrew Chael

Princeton University

Dominic O. Chang

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Harvard University

Koushik Chatterjee

Harvard University

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Ming-Tang Chen

Academia Sinica

Yongjun Chen

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Xiaopeng Cheng

Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute

I. Cho

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)

Pierre Christian

Fairfield Univ, Dept Phys, 1073 N Benson Rd

Nicholas S. Conroy

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

University of Illinois

John E. Conway

Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium

Thomas M. Crawford

Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, 5640 S Ellis Ave

University of Chicago

Alejandro Cruz-Osorio

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main

Yuzhu Cui

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Zhejiang Lab

Thomas M. Crawford

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)

Jordy Davelaar

Radboud Universiteit

Flatiron Inst, Ctr Comp Astrophys, 162 Fifth Ave

Columbia University

Roger Deane

Universiteit van Pretoria

Rhodes University

University of Witwatersrand

Jessica Dempsey

James Clerk Maxwell Telescope

East Asian Observatory

Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)

Jason Dexter

University of Colorado at Boulder

Vedant Dhruv

University of Illinois

Sheperd S. Doeleman

Harvard University

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Sean Dougal

University of Arizona

Sergio A. Dzib

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)

Razieh Emami

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Heino Falcke

Radboud Universiteit

Joseph Farah

University of California at Santa Barbara

Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network

Vincent L. Fish

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

Ed Fomalont

National Radio Astronomy Observatory

H. Alyson Ford

University of Arizona

Marianna Foschi

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)

Raquel Fraga-Encinas

Radboud Universiteit

William T. Freeman

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

Google Inc.

Per Friberg

East Asian Observatory

James Clerk Maxwell Telescope

Cistian M. Fromm

Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main

Antonio Fuentes

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)

Peter Galison

Harvard University

Charles F. Gammie

University of Illinois

Roberto Garcia

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)

Olivier Gentaz

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)

Boris Georgiev

University of Waterloo

Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics

Roman Gold

Syddansk Universitet

Jose L. Gomez

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)

Minfeng Gu

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Mark Gurwell

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Kazuhiro Hada

The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

Daryl Haggard

McGill University

Kari Haworth

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Michael H. Hecht

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

Ronald Hesper

Rijksuniversiteit Groningen

Dirk Heumann

University of Arizona

Luis C. Ho

Beijing University of Technology

Paul Ho

East Asian Observatory

Academia Sinica

James Clerk Maxwell Telescope

Mareki Honma

University of Tokyo

The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

Chih-Wei L. Huang

Academia Sinica

Lei Huang

Chinese Academy of Sciences

David H. Hughes

Inst Nacl Astrofis Optic & Elect

Shiro Ikeda

University of Tokyo

The Institute of Statistical Mathematics

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)

C. M. Violette Impellizzeri

Universiteit Leiden

National Radio Astronomy Observatory

Makoto Inoue

Academia Sinica

Sara Issaoun

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

David J. James

ASTRAVEO

Appl Mat Inc, 35 Dory Rd

Buell T. Jannuzi

University of Arizona

Britton Jeter

Academia Sinica

Alejandra Jimenez-Rosales

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Radboud Universiteit

Svetlana Jorstad

Boston University

Abhishek V. Joshi

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

University of Illinois

Taehyun Jung

University of Science and Technology (UST)

Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute

Mansour Karami

University of Waterloo

Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics

Tomohisa Kawashima

University of Tokyo

Garrett K. Keating

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Mark Kettenis

Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)

Jae-Young Kim

Kyungpook National University

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Jongsoo Kim

Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute

Junhan Kim

California Institute of Technology (Caltech)

Motoki Kino

Kogakuin University of Technology and Engineering

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

Jun Yi Koay

Academia Sinica

Prashant Kocherlakota

Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main

Yutaro Kofuji

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

University of Tokyo

Shoko Koyama

Niigata University

Academia Sinica

Thomas P. Krichbaum

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Cheng-Yu Kuo

Academia Sinica

National Sun Yat-Sen University

Noemi La Bella

Radboud Universiteit

Tod R. Lauer

National Optical Astronomy Observatory

Daeyoung Lee

University of Illinois

Sang-Sung Lee

Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute

Po Kin Leung

Chinese University of Hong Kong

Aviad Levis

California Institute of Technology (Caltech)

Zhiyuan Li

Nanjing University

Rocco Lico

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)

Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)

Greg Lindahl

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Michael Lindqvist

Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium

Mikhail Lisakov

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Jun Liu

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Elisabetta Liuzzo

Italian ALMA Regional Centre

Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)

Wen-Ping Lo

National Taiwan University

Academia Sinica

Andrei P. Lobanov

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Laurent Loinard

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Colin J. Lonsdale

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

Nicholas R. MacDonald

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Jirong Mao

Universiteit Van Amsterdam

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Nicola Marchili

Italian ALMA Regional Centre

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)

Sera Markoff

Universiteit Van Amsterdam

Daniel P. Marrone

University of Arizona

Alan P. Marscher

Boston University

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Ivan Marti-Vidal

Universitat de Valencia

Satoki Matsushita

Academia Sinica

Lia Medeiros

University of Arizona

Institute for Advanced Study

Karl M. Menten

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Daniel Michalik

University of Chicago

European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA ESTEC)

Izumi Mizuno

East Asian Observatory

James Clerk Maxwell Telescope

Yosuke Mizuno

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main

James M. Moran

Harvard University

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Kotaro Moriyama

Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

Monika Moscibrodzka

Radboud Universiteit

Cornelia Mueller

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Radboud Universiteit

Hendrik Mueller

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Alejandro Mus

Universitat de Valencia

Gibwa Musoke

Radboud Universiteit

Universiteit Van Amsterdam

Ioannis Myserlis

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)

Andrew Nadolski

University of Illinois

Hiroshi Nagai

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)

Neil M. Nagar

Universidad de Concepción

Masanori Nakamura

National Institute of Technology, Hachinohe College

Academia Sinica

Ramesh Narayan

Harvard University

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Gopal Narayanan

University of Massachusetts

Iniyan Natarajan

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Harvard University

Antonios Nathanail

Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main

Acad Athens

Joey Neilsen

Villanova University

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Roberto Neri

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)

Chunchong Ni

Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics

University of Waterloo

Aristeidis Noutsos

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Michael A. Nowak

Washington University in St. Louis

Junghwan Oh

Sejong University

Hiroki Okino

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

University of Tokyo

Hector Olivares

Radboud Universiteit

Gisela N. Ortiz-Leon

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Tomoaki Oyama

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

Feryal Ozel

Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, 837 State St NW

Daniel C. M. Palumbo

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Harvard University

Georgios Filippos Paraschos

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Jongho Park

Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute

Academia Sinica

Harriet Parsons

East Asian Observatory

James Clerk Maxwell Telescope

Nimesh Patel

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Dominic W. Pesce

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Harvard University

Vincent Pietu

Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)

Richard Plambeck

University of California at Berkeley

Aleksandar PopStefanija

University of Massachusetts

Oliver Porth

Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main

Universiteit Van Amsterdam

Felix M. Potzl

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Idryma Technologias kai Erevnas (FORTH)

Ben Prather

University of Illinois

Jorge A. Preciado-Lopez

Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics

Dimitrios Psaltis

Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, 837 State St NW

Hung-Yi Pu

Chinese Academy of Sciences

National Taiwan Normal University

Academia Sinica

Venkatessh Ramakrishnan

Universidad de Concepción

Turun Yliopisto

Aalto-Yliopisto

Ramprasad Rao

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Mark G. Rawlings

East Asian Observatory

Gemini Observatory North

James Clerk Maxwell Telescope

Luciano Rezzolla

Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies

Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main

Trinity College Dublin

Angelo Ricarte

Harvard University

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Bart Ripperda

Institute for Advanced Study

Flatiron Inst, Ctr Comp Astrophys, 162 Fifth Ave

Princeton Univ, Peyton Hall, Dept Astrophys Sci

Freek Roelofs

Radboud Universiteit

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Harvard University

Alan Rogers

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Eduardo Ros

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Cristina Romero-Canizales

Academia Sinica

Arash Roshanineshat

University of Arizona

Alan L. Roy

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Chet Ruszczyk

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

David Sanchez-Arguelles

Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia Mexico

Inst Nacl Astrofis Optic & Elect

Mahito Sasada

Hiroshima University

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

Tokyo Institute of Technology

Kaushik Satapathy

University of Arizona

Tuomas Savolainen

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Aalto-Yliopisto

F. Peter Schloerb

University of Massachusetts

Jonathan Schonfeld

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Des Small

Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)

Bong Won Sohn

University of Science and Technology (UST)

Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute

Yonsei University

Jason SooHoo

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

Kamal Souccar

University of Massachusetts

He Sun

California Institute of Technology (Caltech)

Alexandra J. Tetarenko

University of Lethbridge

Paul Tiede

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Harvard University

Remo P. J. Tilanus

Radboud Universiteit

University of Arizona

Universiteit Leiden

Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO)

Michael Titus

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

Teresa Toscano

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)

Efthalia Traianou

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)

Tyler Trent

University of Arizona

Sascha Trippe

Seoul National University

Matthew Turk

University of Illinois

Ilse van Bemmel

Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)

Huib Jan van Langevelde

University of New Mexico

Universiteit Leiden

Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium

Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)

Daniel R. van Rossum

Radboud Universiteit

Jesse Vos

Radboud Universiteit

Derek Ward-Thompson

University of Central Lancashire

John Wardle

Brandeis University

Jonathan Weintroub

Harvard University

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Norbert Wex

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Maciek Wielgus

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Kaj Wiik

Turun Yliopisto

University of Illinois

Gunther Witzel

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Michael F. Wondrak

Radboud Universiteit

George N. Wong

Princeton University

Institute for Advanced Study

Qingwen Wu

Huazhong University of Science and Technology

Nitika Yadlapalli

California Institute of Technology (Caltech)

Paul Yamaguchi

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Aristomenis Yfantis

Radboud Universiteit

Doosoo Yoon

Universiteit Van Amsterdam

Andre Young

Radboud Universiteit

Ken Young

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Ziri Younsi

University College London (UCL)

Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main

Wei Yu

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Feng Yuan

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Ye-Fei Yuan

University of Science and Technology of China

J. Anton Zensus

Max-Planck-Gesellschaft

Shuo Zhang

Bard College

Guang-Yao Zhao

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)

Shan-Shan Zhao

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Astrophysical Journal

0004-637X (ISSN) 1538-4357 (eISSN)

Vol. 959 1 14

Onsala rymdobservatorium infrastruktur

Vetenskapsrådet (VR) (2017-00648), 2018-01-01 -- 2021-12-31.

Ämneskategorier

Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi

DOI

10.3847/1538-4357/acf4f2

Mer information

Senast uppdaterat

2024-03-21