A Search for Pulsars around Sgr A* in the First Event Horizon Telescope Data Set
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2023
In 2017 the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observed the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), at a frequency of 228.1 GHz (lambda = 1.3 mm). The fundamental physics tests that even a single pulsar orbiting Sgr A* would enable motivate searching for pulsars in EHT data sets. The high observing frequency means that pulsars-which typically exhibit steep emission spectra-are expected to be very faint. However, it also negates pulse scattering, an effect that could hinder pulsar detections in the Galactic center. Additionally, magnetars or a secondary inverse Compton emission could be stronger at millimeter wavelengths than at lower frequencies. We present a search for pulsars close to Sgr A* using the data from the three most sensitive stations in the EHT 2017 campaign: the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, the Large Millimeter Telescope, and the IRAM 30 m Telescope. We apply three detection methods based on Fourier-domain analysis, the fast folding algorithm, and single-pulse searches targeting both pulsars and burst-like transient emission. We use the simultaneity of the observations to confirm potential candidates. No new pulsars or significant bursts were found. Being the first pulsar search ever carried out at such high radio frequencies, we detail our analysis methods and give a detailed estimation of the sensitivity of the search. We conclude that the EHT 2017 observations are only sensitive to a small fraction (less than or similar to 2.2%) of the pulsars that may exist close to Sgr A*, motivating further searches for fainter pulsars in the region.
Författare
Pablo Torne
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Kuo Liu
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Ralph P. Eatough
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Jompoj Wongphechauxsorn
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
James M. Cordes
Cornell University
Gregory Desvignes
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Université Paris Descartes
Mariafelicia De Laurentis
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Michael Kramer
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
University of Manchester
Scott M. Ransom
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Shami Chatterjee
Cornell University
Robert Wharton
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Ramesh Karuppusamy
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Lindy Blackburn
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Harvard University
Michael Janssen
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Chi-Kwan Chan
University of Arizona
Geoffrey B. Crew
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Lynn D. Matthews
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Ciriaco Goddi
Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP)
Universita degli Studi di Cagliari
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Helge Rottmann
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jan Wagner
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Salvador Sanchez
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Ignacio Ruiz
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Federico Abbate
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Geoffrey C. Bower
University of Hawaii
Academia Sinica
Juan J. Salamanca
Universidad de Oviedo
Arturo I. Gomez-Ruiz
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia Mexico
Inst Nacl Astrofis Optic & Elect
Alfredo Herrera-Aguilar
Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla
Wu Jiang
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Ru-Sen Lu
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Ue-Li Pen
University of Toronto
Academia Sinica
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Alexander W. Raymond
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Lijing Shao
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Beijing University of Technology
Zhiqiang Shen
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Gabriel Paubert
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Miguel Sanchez-Portal
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Carsten Kramer
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Manuel Castillo
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Santiago Navarro
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
David John
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Karl-Friedrich Schuster
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Michael D. Johnson
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Kazi L. J. Rygl
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Italian ALMA Regional Centre
Kazunori Akiyama
Harvard University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP)
Antxon Alberdi
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Walter Alef
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Juan Carlos Algaba
University of Malaya
Richard Anantua
University of Texas at San Antonio
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Harvard University
Keiichi Asada
Academia Sinica
Rebecca Azulay
Universitat de Valencia
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Uwe Bach
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Anne-Kathrin Baczko
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium
David Ball
University of Arizona
Mislav Balokovic
Yale University
John Barrett
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Michi Baubock
University of Illinois
Bradford A. Benson
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
University of Chicago
Dan Bintley
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
East Asian Observatory
Raymond Blundell
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Katherine L. Bouman
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Hope Boyce
McGill University
Michael Bremer
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Christiaan D. Brinkerink
Radboud Universiteit
Roger Brissenden
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Harvard University
Silke Britzen
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Avery E. Broderick
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
University of Waterloo
Dominique Broguiere
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Thomas Bronzwaer
Radboud Universiteit
Sandra Bustamante
University of Massachusetts
Do-Young Byun
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
University of Science and Technology (UST)
John E. Carlstrom
Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, 5640 S Ellis Ave
Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, 5720 S Ellis Ave
Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave
University of Chicago
Chiara Ceccobello
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium
Andrew Chael
Princeton University
Dominic O. Chang
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Koushik Chatterjee
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Harvard University
Ming-Tang Chen
Academia Sinica
Yongjun Chen
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xiaopeng Cheng
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
I. Cho
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Pierre Christian
Fairfield Univ, Dept Phys, 1073 N Benson Rd
Nicholas S. Conroy
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
University of Illinois
John E. Conway
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium
Thomas M. Crawford
Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, 5640 S Ellis Ave
University of Chicago
Alejandro Cruz-Osorio
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Yuzhu Cui
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Zhejiang Lab
Thomas M. Crawford
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Jordy Davelaar
Columbia University
Flatiron Inst, Ctr Comp Astrophys, 162 Fifth Ave
Radboud Universiteit
Roger Deane
Rhodes University
Universiteit van Pretoria
University of Witwatersrand
Jessica Dempsey
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
East Asian Observatory
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
Jason Dexter
University of Colorado at Boulder
Vedant Dhruv
University of Illinois
Sheperd S. Doeleman
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Harvard University
Sean Dougal
University of Arizona
Sergio A. Dzib
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Razieh Emami
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Heino Falcke
Radboud Universiteit
Joseph Farah
Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network
University of California at Santa Barbara
Vincent L. Fish
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Ed Fomalont
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
H. Alyson Ford
University of Arizona
Marianna Foschi
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Raquel Fraga-Encinas
Radboud Universiteit
William T. Freeman
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Google Inc.
Per Friberg
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
East Asian Observatory
Cistian M. Fromm
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Antonio Fuentes
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Peter Galison
Harvard University
Charles F. Gammie
University of Illinois
Roberto Garcia
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Olivier Gentaz
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Boris Georgiev
University of Waterloo
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Roman Gold
Syddansk Universitet
Jose L. Gomez
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Minfeng Gu
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Mark Gurwell
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Kazuhiro Hada
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Daryl Haggard
McGill University
Kari Haworth
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Michael H. Hecht
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Ronald Hesper
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Dirk Heumann
University of Arizona
Luis C. Ho
Beijing University of Technology
Paul Ho
Academia Sinica
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
East Asian Observatory
Mareki Honma
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
University of Tokyo
Chih-Wei L. Huang
Academia Sinica
Lei Huang
Chinese Academy of Sciences
David H. Hughes
Inst Nacl Astrofis Optic & Elect
Shiro Ikeda
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
The Institute of Statistical Mathematics
University of Tokyo
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)
C. M. Violette Impellizzeri
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Universiteit Leiden
Makoto Inoue
Academia Sinica
Sara Issaoun
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
David J. James
Appl Mat Inc, 35 Dory Rd
ASTRAVEO
Buell T. Jannuzi
University of Arizona
Britton Jeter
Academia Sinica
Alejandra Jimenez-Rosales
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Radboud Universiteit
Svetlana Jorstad
Boston University
Abhishek V. Joshi
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
University of Illinois
Taehyun Jung
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
University of Science and Technology (UST)
Mansour Karami
University of Waterloo
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Tomohisa Kawashima
University of Tokyo
Garrett K. Keating
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Mark Kettenis
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
Jae-Young Kim
Kyungpook National University
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jongsoo Kim
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Junhan Kim
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Motoki Kino
Kogakuin University of Technology and Engineering
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Jun Yi Koay
Academia Sinica
Prashant Kocherlakota
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Yutaro Kofuji
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
University of Tokyo
Shoko Koyama
Academia Sinica
Niigata University
Thomas P. Krichbaum
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Cheng-Yu Kuo
National Sun Yat-Sen University
Academia Sinica
Noemi La Bella
Radboud Universiteit
Tod R. Lauer
National Optical Astronomy Observatory
Daeyoung Lee
University of Illinois
Sang-Sung Lee
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Po Kin Leung
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Aviad Levis
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Zhiyuan Li
Nanjing University
Rocco Lico
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Greg Lindahl
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Michael Lindqvist
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium
Mikhail Lisakov
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jun Liu
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Elisabetta Liuzzo
Italian ALMA Regional Centre
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Wen-Ping Lo
Academia Sinica
National Taiwan University
Andrei P. Lobanov
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Laurent Loinard
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Colin J. Lonsdale
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Nicholas R. MacDonald
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jirong Mao
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
Nicola Marchili
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Italian ALMA Regional Centre
Sera Markoff
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
Daniel P. Marrone
University of Arizona
Alan P. Marscher
Boston University
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Ivan Marti-Vidal
Universitat de Valencia
Satoki Matsushita
Academia Sinica
Lia Medeiros
University of Arizona
Institute for Advanced Study
Karl M. Menten
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Daniel Michalik
European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA ESTEC)
University of Chicago
Izumi Mizuno
East Asian Observatory
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
Yosuke Mizuno
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
James M. Moran
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Kotaro Moriyama
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Monika Moscibrodzka
Radboud Universiteit
Cornelia Mueller
Radboud Universiteit
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Hendrik Mueller
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Alejandro Mus
Universitat de Valencia
Gibwa Musoke
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
Radboud Universiteit
Ioannis Myserlis
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Andrew Nadolski
University of Illinois
Hiroshi Nagai
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)
Neil M. Nagar
Universidad de Concepción
Masanori Nakamura
Academia Sinica
National Institute of Technology, Hachinohe College
Ramesh Narayan
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Gopal Narayanan
University of Massachusetts
Iniyan Natarajan
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Harvard University
Antonios Nathanail
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Acad Athens
Joseph Neilsen
Villanova University
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Roberto Neri
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Chunchong Ni
University of Waterloo
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Aristeidis Noutsos
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Michael A. Nowak
Washington University in St. Louis
Junghwan Oh
Sejong University
Hiroki Okino
University of Tokyo
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Hector Olivares
Radboud Universiteit
Gisela N. Ortiz-Leon
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Tomoaki Oyama
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Feryal Ozel
Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, 837 State St NW
Daniel C. M. Palumbo
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Georgios Filippos Paraschos
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jongho Park
Academia Sinica
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Harriet Parsons
East Asian Observatory
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
Nimesh Patel
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Dominic W. Pesce
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Harvard University
Vincent Pietu
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Richard Plambeck
University of California at Berkeley
Aleksandar PopStefanija
University of Massachusetts
Oliver Porth
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Felix M. Potzl
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Idryma Technologias kai Erevnas (FORTH)
Ben Prather
University of Illinois
Jorge A. Preciado-Lopez
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Dimitrios Psaltis
Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, 837 State St NW
Hung-Yi Pu
Chinese Academy of Sciences
National Taiwan Normal University
Academia Sinica
Venkatessh Ramakrishnan
Universidad de Concepción
Aalto-Yliopisto
Turun Yliopisto
Ramprasad Rao
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Mark G. Rawlings
East Asian Observatory
Gemini Observatory North
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
Luciano Rezzolla
Trinity College Dublin
Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Angelo Ricarte
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Bart Ripperda
Flatiron Inst, Ctr Comp Astrophys, 162 Fifth Ave
Institute for Advanced Study
Princeton University
Freek Roelofs
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Radboud Universiteit
Alan Rogers
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Eduardo Ros
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Cristina Romero-Canizales
Academia Sinica
Arash Roshanineshat
University of Arizona
Alan L. Roy
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Chet Ruszczyk
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
David Sanchez-Arguelles
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia Mexico
Inst Nacl Astrofis Optic & Elect
Mahito Sasada
Hiroshima University
Tokyo Institute of Technology
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Kaushik Satapathy
University of Arizona
Tuomas Savolainen
Aalto-Yliopisto
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
F. Peter Schloerb
University of Massachusetts
Jonathan Schonfeld
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Des Small
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
Bong Won Sohn
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Yonsei University
University of Science and Technology (UST)
Jason SooHoo
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Kamal Souccar
University of Massachusetts
He Sun
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Alexandra J. Tetarenko
University of Lethbridge
Paul Tiede
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Remo P. J. Tilanus
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO)
Universiteit Leiden
Radboud Universiteit
University of Arizona
Michael Titus
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Teresa Toscano
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Efthalia Traianou
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Tyler Trent
University of Arizona
Sascha Trippe
Seoul National University
Matthew Turk
University of Illinois
Ilse van Bemmel
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
Huib Jan van Langevelde
University of New Mexico
Universiteit Leiden
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
Daniel R. van Rossum
Radboud Universiteit
Jesse Vos
Radboud Universiteit
Derek Ward-Thompson
University of Central Lancashire
John Wardle
Brandeis University
Jonathan Weintroub
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Norbert Wex
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Maciek Wielgus
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Kaj Wiik
University of Illinois
Turun Yliopisto
Gunther Witzel
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Michael F. Wondrak
Radboud Universiteit
George N. Wong
Princeton University
Institute for Advanced Study
Qingwen Wu
Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Nitika Yadlapalli
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Paul Yamaguchi
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Aristomenis Yfantis
Radboud Universiteit
Doosoo Yoon
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
Andre Young
Radboud Universiteit
Ken Young
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Ziri Younsi
University College London (UCL)
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Wei Yu
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Feng Yuan
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Ye-Fei Yuan
University of Science and Technology of China
J. Anton Zensus
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Shuo Zhang
Bard College
Guang-Yao Zhao
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Shan-Shan Zhao
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Astrophysical Journal
0004-637X (ISSN) 1538-4357 (eISSN)
Vol. 959 1 14Onsala rymdobservatorium infrastruktur
Vetenskapsrådet (VR) (2017-00648), 2018-01-01 -- 2021-12-31.
Ämneskategorier (SSIF 2011)
Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi
DOI
10.3847/1538-4357/acf4f2