A Search for Pulsars around Sgr A* in the First Event Horizon Telescope Data Set
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2023
In 2017 the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observed the supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), at a frequency of 228.1 GHz (lambda = 1.3 mm). The fundamental physics tests that even a single pulsar orbiting Sgr A* would enable motivate searching for pulsars in EHT data sets. The high observing frequency means that pulsars-which typically exhibit steep emission spectra-are expected to be very faint. However, it also negates pulse scattering, an effect that could hinder pulsar detections in the Galactic center. Additionally, magnetars or a secondary inverse Compton emission could be stronger at millimeter wavelengths than at lower frequencies. We present a search for pulsars close to Sgr A* using the data from the three most sensitive stations in the EHT 2017 campaign: the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, the Large Millimeter Telescope, and the IRAM 30 m Telescope. We apply three detection methods based on Fourier-domain analysis, the fast folding algorithm, and single-pulse searches targeting both pulsars and burst-like transient emission. We use the simultaneity of the observations to confirm potential candidates. No new pulsars or significant bursts were found. Being the first pulsar search ever carried out at such high radio frequencies, we detail our analysis methods and give a detailed estimation of the sensitivity of the search. We conclude that the EHT 2017 observations are only sensitive to a small fraction (less than or similar to 2.2%) of the pulsars that may exist close to Sgr A*, motivating further searches for fainter pulsars in the region.
Författare
Pablo Torne
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Kuo Liu
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Ralph P. Eatough
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jompoj Wongphechauxsorn
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
James M. Cordes
Cornell University
Gregory Desvignes
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Université Paris Descartes
Mariafelicia De Laurentis
Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Michael Kramer
University of Manchester
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Scott M. Ransom
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Shami Chatterjee
Cornell University
Robert Wharton
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Ramesh Karuppusamy
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Lindy Blackburn
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Harvard University
Michael Janssen
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Chi-Kwan Chan
University of Arizona
Geoffrey B. Crew
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Lynn D. Matthews
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Ciriaco Goddi
Universita degli Studi di Cagliari
Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP)
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Helge Rottmann
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jan Wagner
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Salvador Sanchez
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Ignacio Ruiz
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Federico Abbate
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Geoffrey C. Bower
University of Hawaii
Academia Sinica
Juan J. Salamanca
Universidad de Oviedo
Arturo I. Gomez-Ruiz
Inst Nacl Astrofis Optic & Elect
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia Mexico
Alfredo Herrera-Aguilar
Benemerita Univ Autonoma Puebla
Wu Jiang
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Ru-Sen Lu
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Ue-Li Pen
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
Academia Sinica
University of Toronto
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Alexander W. Raymond
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Lijing Shao
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Beijing University of Technology
Zhiqiang Shen
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Gabriel Paubert
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Miguel Sanchez-Portal
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Carsten Kramer
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Manuel Castillo
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Santiago Navarro
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
David John
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Karl-Friedrich Schuster
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Michael D. Johnson
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Kazi L. J. Rygl
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Italian ALMA Regional Centre
Kazunori Akiyama
Harvard University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP)
Antxon Alberdi
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Walter Alef
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Juan Carlos Algaba
University of Malaya
Richard Anantua
Harvard University
University of Texas at San Antonio
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Keiichi Asada
Academia Sinica
Rebecca Azulay
Universitat de Valencia
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Uwe Bach
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Anne-Kathrin Baczko
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium
David Ball
University of Arizona
Mislav Balokovic
Yale University
John Barrett
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Michi Baubock
University of Illinois
Bradford A. Benson
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
University of Chicago
Dan Bintley
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
East Asian Observatory
Raymond Blundell
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Katherine L. Bouman
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Hope Boyce
McGill University
Michael Bremer
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Christiaan D. Brinkerink
Radboud Universiteit
Roger Brissenden
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Harvard University
Silke Britzen
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Avery E. Broderick
University of Waterloo
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Dominique Broguiere
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Thomas Bronzwaer
Radboud Universiteit
Sandra Bustamante
University of Massachusetts
Do-Young Byun
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
University of Science and Technology (UST)
John E. Carlstrom
Univ Chicago, Dept Phys, 5720 S Ellis Ave
University of Chicago
Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, 5640 S Ellis Ave
Univ Chicago, Enrico Fermi Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave
Chiara Ceccobello
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium
Andrew Chael
Princeton University
Dominic O. Chang
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Koushik Chatterjee
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Ming-Tang Chen
Academia Sinica
Yongjun Chen
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xiaopeng Cheng
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
I. Cho
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Pierre Christian
Fairfield Univ, Dept Phys, 1073 N Benson Rd
Nicholas S. Conroy
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
University of Illinois
John E. Conway
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium
Thomas M. Crawford
University of Chicago
Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, 5640 S Ellis Ave
Alejandro Cruz-Osorio
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Yuzhu Cui
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Zhejiang Lab
Thomas M. Crawford
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Jordy Davelaar
Columbia University
Flatiron Inst, Ctr Comp Astrophys, 162 Fifth Ave
Radboud Universiteit
Roger Deane
University of Witwatersrand
Universiteit van Pretoria
Rhodes University
Jessica Dempsey
East Asian Observatory
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
Jason Dexter
University of Colorado at Boulder
Vedant Dhruv
University of Illinois
Sheperd S. Doeleman
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Sean Dougal
University of Arizona
Sergio A. Dzib
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Razieh Emami
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Heino Falcke
Radboud Universiteit
Joseph Farah
Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network
University of California at Santa Barbara
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Ed Fomalont
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
H. Alyson Ford
University of Arizona
Marianna Foschi
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
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Radboud Universiteit
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Google Inc.
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Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Peter Galison
Harvard University
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University of Illinois
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Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Olivier Gentaz
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Boris Georgiev
University of Waterloo
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Roman Gold
Syddansk Universitet
Jose L. Gomez
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Minfeng Gu
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Mark Gurwell
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Kazuhiro Hada
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)
Daryl Haggard
McGill University
Kari Haworth
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Michael H. Hecht
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Ronald Hesper
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Dirk Heumann
University of Arizona
Luis C. Ho
Beijing University of Technology
Paul Ho
East Asian Observatory
Academia Sinica
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Mareki Honma
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)
University of Tokyo
Chih-Wei L. Huang
Academia Sinica
Lei Huang
Chinese Academy of Sciences
David H. Hughes
Inst Nacl Astrofis Optic & Elect
Shiro Ikeda
The Institute of Statistical Mathematics
University of Tokyo
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)
C. M. Violette Impellizzeri
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Universiteit Leiden
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Academia Sinica
Sara Issaoun
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
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University of Arizona
Britton Jeter
Academia Sinica
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Radboud Universiteit
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Svetlana Jorstad
Boston University
Abhishek V. Joshi
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
University of Illinois
Taehyun Jung
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
University of Science and Technology (UST)
Mansour Karami
University of Waterloo
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Tomohisa Kawashima
University of Tokyo
Garrett K. Keating
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
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Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
Jae-Young Kim
Kyungpook National University
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jongsoo Kim
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Junhan Kim
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
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Kogakuin University of Technology and Engineering
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
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Academia Sinica
Prashant Kocherlakota
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
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National Sun Yat-Sen University
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Radboud Universiteit
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National Optical Astronomy Observatory
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University of Illinois
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Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
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Chinese University of Hong Kong
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California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
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Nanjing University
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Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
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Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
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Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium
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Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
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Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Elisabetta Liuzzo
Italian ALMA Regional Centre
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Wen-Ping Lo
Academia Sinica
National Taiwan University
Andrei P. Lobanov
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Laurent Loinard
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Nicholas R. MacDonald
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jirong Mao
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
Nicola Marchili
Italian ALMA Regional Centre
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
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Universiteit Van Amsterdam
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University of Arizona
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Boston University
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Universitat de Valencia
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Academia Sinica
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University of Arizona
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University of Chicago
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East Asian Observatory
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Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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Radboud Universiteit
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Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
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Universitat de Valencia
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Radboud Universiteit
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Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
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University of Illinois
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The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
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Universidad de Concepción
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Academia Sinica
National Institute of Technology, Hachinohe College
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Harvard University
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University of Massachusetts
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Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
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Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Acad Athens
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Chinese Academy of Sciences
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University of Waterloo
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Washington University in St. Louis
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Sejong University
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National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
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Radboud Universiteit
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Chinese Academy of Sciences
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National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
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Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, 837 State St NW
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Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
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Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
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Harvard University
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Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
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University of California at Berkeley
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Universiteit Van Amsterdam
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University of Illinois
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Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
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Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, 837 State St NW
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National Taiwan Normal University
Chinese Academy of Sciences
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Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
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East Asian Observatory
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Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
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Institute for Advanced Study
Princeton University
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Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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Academia Sinica
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University of Arizona
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Chet Ruszczyk
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
David Sanchez-Arguelles
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia Mexico
Inst Nacl Astrofis Optic & Elect
Mahito Sasada
Hiroshima University
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Kaushik Satapathy
University of Arizona
Tuomas Savolainen
Aalto-Yliopisto
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
F. Peter Schloerb
University of Massachusetts
Jonathan Schonfeld
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Des Small
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
Bong Won Sohn
Yonsei University
University of Science and Technology (UST)
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Jason SooHoo
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Kamal Souccar
University of Massachusetts
He Sun
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Alexandra J. Tetarenko
University of Lethbridge
Paul Tiede
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Harvard University
Remo P. J. Tilanus
University of Arizona
Radboud Universiteit
Universiteit Leiden
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO)
Michael Titus
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
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Efthalia Traianou
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Tyler Trent
University of Arizona
Sascha Trippe
Seoul National University
Matthew Turk
University of Illinois
Ilse van Bemmel
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
Huib Jan van Langevelde
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium
Universiteit Leiden
University of New Mexico
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
Daniel R. van Rossum
Radboud Universiteit
Jesse Vos
Radboud Universiteit
Derek Ward-Thompson
University of Central Lancashire
John Wardle
Brandeis University
Jonathan Weintroub
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Norbert Wex
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Maciek Wielgus
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Kaj Wiik
Turun Yliopisto
University of Illinois
Gunther Witzel
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Michael F. Wondrak
Radboud Universiteit
George N. Wong
Princeton University
Institute for Advanced Study
Qingwen Wu
Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Nitika Yadlapalli
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Paul Yamaguchi
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Aristomenis Yfantis
Radboud Universiteit
Doosoo Yoon
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
Andre Young
Radboud Universiteit
Ken Young
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Ziri Younsi
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
University College London (UCL)
Wei Yu
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Feng Yuan
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Ye-Fei Yuan
University of Science and Technology of China
J. Anton Zensus
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Shuo Zhang
Bard College
Guang-Yao Zhao
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Shan-Shan Zhao
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Astrophysical Journal
0004-637X (ISSN) 1538-4357 (eISSN)
Vol. 959 1 14Onsala rymdobservatorium infrastruktur
Vetenskapsrådet (VR) (2017-00648), 2018-01-01 -- 2021-12-31.
Ämneskategorier (SSIF 2011)
Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi
DOI
10.3847/1538-4357/acf4f2