Gliese 12 b: A Temperate Earth-sized Planet at 12 pc Ideal for Atmospheric Transmission Spectroscopy
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2024

Recent discoveries of Earth-sized planets transiting nearby M dwarfs have made it possible to characterize the atmospheres of terrestrial planets via follow-up spectroscopic observations. However, the number of such planets receiving low insolation is still small, limiting our ability to understand the diversity of the atmospheric composition and climates of temperate terrestrial planets. We report the discovery of an Earth-sized planet transiting the nearby (12 pc) inactive M3.0 dwarf Gliese 12 (TOI-6251) with an orbital period (P(or)b) of 12.76 days. The planet, Gliese 12 b, was initially identified as a candidate with an ambiguous P-orb from TESS data. We confirmed the transit signal and P-orb using ground-based photometry with MuSCAT2 and MuSCAT3, and validated the planetary nature of the signal using high-resolution images from Gemini/NIRI and Keck/NIRC2 as well as radial velocity (RV) measurements from the InfraRed Doppler instrument on the Subaru 8.2 m telescope and from CARMENES on the CAHA 3.5 m telescope. X-ray observations with XMM-Newton showed the host star is inactive, with an X-ray-to-bolometric luminosity ratio of log L-X/L-bol approximate to - 5.7. Joint analysis of the light curves and RV measurements revealed that Gliese 12 b has a radius of 0.96 +/- 0.05 R-circle plus, a 3 sigma mass upper limit of 3.9M(circle plus), and an equilibrium temperature of 315 +/- 6 K assuming zero albedo. The transmission spectroscopy metric (TSM) value of Gliese 12 b is close to the TSM values of the TRAPPIST-1 planets, adding Gliese 12 b to the small list of potentially terrestrial, temperate planets amenable to atmospheric characterization with JWST.

Författare

Masayuki Kuzuhara

National Institutes of Natural Sciences

A. Fukui

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

University of Tokyo

J.H. Livingston

The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)

National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Jerome P. De Leon

University of Tokyo

Teruyuki Hirano

National Institutes of Natural Sciences

The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)

Yui Kasagi

National Institutes of Natural Sciences

The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)

F. Murgas

Universidad de la Laguna

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

Norio Narita

National Institutes of Natural Sciences

University of Tokyo

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

Masashi Omiya

National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Jaume Orell-Miquel

Universidad de la Laguna

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

Enric Palle

Universidad de la Laguna

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

Quentin Changeat

European Space Agcy ESA, Space Telescope Sci Inst STScI, ESA Off

University College London (UCL)

Emma Esparza-Borges

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

Universidad de la Laguna

Hiroki Harakawa

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

Coel Hellier

Keele University

Yasunori Hori

National Institutes of Natural Sciences

The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)

Hiroyuki Tako Ishikawa

Western University

Takanori Kodama

Tokyo Institute of Technology

Takayuki Kotani

National Institutes of Natural Sciences

The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)

Tomoyuki Kudo

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

Juan C. Morales

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)

Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)

Mayuko Mori

University of Tokyo

Evangelos Nagel

Georg-August-Universität Göttingen

Hannu Parviainen

Universidad de la Laguna

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

Volker Perdelwitz

Ariel University

Ansgar Reiners

Georg-August-Universität Göttingen

Ignasi Ribas

Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)

Jorge Sanz-Forcada

Centro de Astrobiología (INTA-CSIC)

Bun'ei Sato

Tokyo Institute of Technology

Andreas Schweitzer

Hamburger Sternwarte

Hugo M. Tabernero

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Takuya Takarada

National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Taichi Uyama

The California State University

Mathias Zechmeister

Georg-August-Universität Göttingen

Nestor Abreu Garcia

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

Universidad de la Laguna

Charles Beichman

California Institute of Technology (Caltech)

Victor J. S. Bejar

Universidad de la Laguna

Timothy D. Brandt

University of California at Santa Barbara

Yessica Calatayud-Borras

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

Universidad de la Laguna

Ilaria Carleo

Universidad de la Laguna

David Charbonneau

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Karen A. Collins

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

Thayne Currie

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

University of Texas at San Antonio

John P. Doty

Noqsi Aerospace Ltd

Stefan Dreizler

Georg-August-Universität Göttingen

Gareb Fernandez-Rodriguez

Universidad de la Laguna

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

Izuru Fukuda

University of Tokyo

Daniel Galan

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

Universidad de la Laguna

Samuel Geraldia-Gonzalez

Universidad de la Laguna

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

Josafat Gonzalez-Rodriguez

Universidad de la Laguna

Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias

Christina Hedges

University of Maryland, Baltimore

NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Thomas Henning

Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie

Klaus Hodapp

University of Hawaii

Masahiro Ikoma

The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)

National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Keisuke Isogai

Kyoto University

Shane Jacobson

University of Hawaii

Markus Janson

Stockholms universitet

Jon M. Jenkins

NASA Ames Research Center

Taiki Kagetani

University of Tokyo

Yugo Kawai

University of Tokyo

Kiyoe Kawauchi

Ritsumeikan Universitet

Eiichiro Kokubo

National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Mihoko Konishi

Oita University

Judith Korth

Lunds universitet

Vigneshwaran Krishnamurthy

McGill University

Université de Montréal

Takashi Kurokawa

National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology

Nobuhiko Kusakabe

National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Jungmi Kwon

University of Tokyo

Andres Laza-Ramos

Universitat de Valencia

Florence Libotte Rafael Luque

Universidad de la Laguna

Alberto Madrigal-Aguado

University of Chicago

Yuji Matsumoto

National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Dimitri Mawet

California Institute of Technology (Caltech)

Pedro Pablo Meni Gallardo

Universidad de la Laguna

Giuseppe Morello

Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Astronomi och plasmafysik

Sara Munoz Torres

Universidad de la Laguna

Jun Nishikawa

National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Stevanus K. Nugroho

National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Masahiro Ogihara

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Alberto Pelaez-Torres

Universidad de la Laguna

David Rapetti

Universities Space Research Association

M. Sánchez-Benavente

Universidad de la Laguna

Martin Schlecker

University of Arizona

Sara Seager

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)

Takuma Serizawa

National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology

M. Stangret

Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)

Aoi Takahashi

National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Huan-Yu Teng

Chinese Academy of Sciences

Tokyo Institute of Technology

Motohide Tamura

University of Tokyo

National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Yuka Terada

Academia Sinica

National Taiwan University

Akitoshi Ueda

The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)

National Institutes of Natural Sciences

Tomonori Usuda

National Institutes of Natural Sciences

The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)

Sebastien Vievard

National Institutes of Natural Sciences

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

David Watanabe

Planetary Discoveries

Joshua N. Winn

Princeton University

Astrophysical Journal Letters

2041-8205 (ISSN) 2041-8213 (eISSN)

Vol. 969 1 L21

Ämneskategorier

Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi

DOI

10.3847/2041-8213/ad3642

Mer information

Senast uppdaterat

2024-08-19