Hints of a close outer companion to the ultra-hot Jupiter TOI-2109 b
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2024
Context. Hot Jupiters (HJs) with close-by planetary companions are rare, with only a handful of them having been discovered so far. This could be due to their suggested dynamical histories, which lead to the possible ejection of other planets. TOI-2109 b is special in this regard because it is the HJ with the closest relative separation from its host star, being separated by less than 2.3 stellar radii. Unexpectedly, transit timing measurements from recently obtained CHEOPS observations show low-amplitude transit-timing variations (TTVs). Aims. We aim to search for signs of orbital decay and to characterise the apparent TTVs in an attempt to gain information about a possible companion. Methods. We fitted the newly obtained CHEOPS light curves using TLCM and extracted the resulting mid-transit timings. Successively, we used these measurements in combination with TESS and archival photometric data and radial velocity (RV) data to estimate the rate of tidal orbital decay of TOI-2109 b, and also to characterise the TTVs using the N-body code TRADES and the photo-dynamical approach of PyTTV. Results. We find tentative evidence at 3σ for orbital decay in the TOI-2109 system when we correct the mid-transit timings using the best-fitting sinusoidal model of the TTVs. We do not detect additional transits in the available photometric data, but find evidence supporting the authenticity of the apparent TTVs, indicating a close-by, outer companion with Pc > 1.125 d. Due to the fast rotation of the star, the new planetary candidate cannot be detected in the available RV measurements, and its parameters can only be loosely constrained by our joint TTV and RV modelling. Conclusions. TOI-2109 could join a small group of rare HJ systems that host close-by planetary companions, only one of which (WASP-47 b) has an outer companion. More high-precision photometric measurements are necessary to confirm the existence of this planetary companion.
methods: data analysis
planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability
planet-star interactions
techniques: photometric
planets and satellites: gaseous planets
Författare
J. V. Harre
Deutsches Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)
A. M.S. Smith
Deutsches Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)
S.C.C. Barros
Universidade do Porto
V. Singh
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Judith Korth
Lunds universitet
A. Brandeker
Stockholms universitet
A. Collier Cameron
University of St Andrews
M. Lendl
Université de Genève
T.G. Wilson
The University of Warwick
L. Borsato
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Szilard Csizmadia
Deutsches Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)
J. Cabrera
Deutsches Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)
H. Parviainen
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
A. Correia
Centre for Physics of the University of Coimbra
B. Akinsanmi
Université de Genève
N. M. Rosário
Universidade do Porto
P. Leonardi
Università di Padova
L. M. Serrano
Universita degli Studi di Torino
Y. Alibert
Universität Bern
R. Alonso
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Universidad de la Laguna
J. Asquier
European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA ESTEC)
T. Bárczy
Admatis
D. Barrado Navascues
Centro de Astrobiologia (CAB)
W. Baumjohann
Institut fur Weltraumforschung
W. Benz
Universität Bern
N. Billot
Université de Genève
C. Broeg
Universität Bern
M.-D. Busch
Universität Bern
P. E. Cubillos
Institut fur Weltraumforschung
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Melvyn B. Davies
Lunds universitet
M. Deleuil
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
A. Deline
Université de Genève
L. Delrez
KU Leuven
Universite de Liège
O. Demangeon
Universidade do Porto
B.O. Demory
Universität Bern
A. Derekas
Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)
Billy Edwards
Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON)
D. Ehrenreich
Université de Genève
Anders Erikson
Deutsches Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)
A. Fortier
Universität Bern
L. Fossati
Institut fur Weltraumforschung
Malcolm Fridlund
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Astronomi och plasmafysik
Universiteit Leiden
D. Gandolfi
Universita degli Studi di Torino
K. Gazeas
University of Athens
Michaël Gillon
Universite de Liège
M. Gudel
Universität Wien
Maximilian N. Günther
European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA ESTEC)
A. Heitzmann
Université de Genève
Ch. Helling
Institut fur Weltraumforschung
Technische Universität Graz
K. Isaak
European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA ESTEC)
L. L. Kiss
Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia
Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)
K. W.F. Lam
Deutsches Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)
J. Laskar
Observatoire de Paris
A. Lecavelier des Etangs
Institut d 'Astrophysique de Paris
D. Magrin
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
P. Maxted
Keele University
Bruno Merín
European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC)
C. Mordasini
Universität Bern
Valerio Nascimbeni
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
G. Olofsson
Stockholms universitet
R. Ottensamer
Universität Wien
I. Pagano
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Enric Palle
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Universidad de la Laguna
G. Peter
Deutsches Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)
D. Piazza
Universität Bern
Giampaolo P. Piotto
Università di Padova
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Don L. Pollacco
The University of Warwick
D. Queloz
Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH)
University of Cambridge
Roberto Ragazzoni
Università di Padova
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
N. Rando
European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA ESTEC)
H. Rauer
Deutsches Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)
Freie Universität Berlin
I. Ribas
Institut de Ciències de l'Espai (ICE) - CSIC
Institut d'Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)
N. C. Santos
Universidade do Porto
Gaetano Scandariato
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
D. Segransan
Université de Genève
A.E. Simon
Universität Bern
S.G. Sousa
Universidade do Porto
M. Stalport
Universite de Liège
S. Sulis
Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Marseille
G.M. Szabó
Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)
S. Udry
Université de Genève
B. Ulmer
Deutsches Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)
V. Van Grootel
Universite de Liège
J. Venturini
Université de Genève
E. Villaver
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Universidad de la Laguna
V. Viotto
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
N. A. Walton
University of Cambridge
Richard G West
The University of Warwick
K. Westerdorff
Deutsches Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)
Astronomy and Astrophysics
0004-6361 (ISSN) 1432-0746 (eISSN)
Vol. 692 A254Ämneskategorier (SSIF 2011)
Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi
DOI
10.1051/0004-6361/202451068
Relaterade dataset
A close outer companion to TOI-2109 b? : J/A+A/692/A254 [dataset]
URI: https://cdsarc.cds.unistra.fr/viz-bin/cat/J/A+A/692/A254