The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: VII. Third Data Release

T. W. Shimwell; M. J. Hardcastle; C. Tasse; A. Drabent; A. Botteon; W. L. Williams; P.N. Best; H. Rottgering; M. Brueggen; G. Brunetti; J. R. Callingham; K.T. Chyz̊y; John Conway; F. De Gasperin; M. Haverkorn; Cathy Horellou; N. Jackson; G. Miley; L. Morabito; R. Morganti; S. P. O’Sullivan; D. J. Schwarz; D. J.B. Smith; R. van Weeren; Harish K. Vedantham; G. White; A. Ahmadi; L. Alegre; M. Arias; B. Asabere; B. Bahr-Kalus; B. Barkus; M. Bilicki; L. Böhme; M. Brentjens; M. Brienza; D. Bomans; A. Bonafede; M. Bonato; E. Bonnassieux; J.M. Boxelaar; S. Camera; R. Cassano; J. Chilufya; M. Cianfaglione; J. H. Croston; V. Cuciti; P. Dabhade; E. De Rubeis; J.M.G.H.J. de Jong; D. Dallacasa; R. -J. Dettmar; K. Duncan; G. Di Gennaro; H.W. Edler; C. Groeneveld; G. Gurkan; M. Hajduk; C. Hale; V. Heesen; D. N. Hoang; M. Hoeft; H. Holties; M.A. Horton; M. Iacobelli; M. Jamrozy; M.J. Jarvis; V. Jelić; M. Kadler; R. Kondapally; M. Kunert-Bajraszewska; M. Loose; M. Magliocchetti; K. Malek; C. Manzano; J. McKean; M. Mevius; B. Mingo; A. Miskolczi; A. Misra; J. Moldon; Dhanya G. Nair; S.J. Nakoneczny; E. Orrú; M. Pashapour-Ahmadabadi; T. Pasini; J. Petley; J.C.S. Pierce; I. Prandoni; D. Rafferty; K. Rajpurohit; C. J. Riseley; I.D. Roberts; S. Sethi; A. Shulevski; M. Stein; C. Stuardi; F. Sweijen; S. ter Veen; R. Timmerman; M. Vaccari; S. J. Wijnholds

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202557749

The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: VII. Third Data Release
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2026

We present the third data release of the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS-DR3). The survey images cover 88% of the northern sky and were created from 12 950 h of data (18.6 PB) accumulated over 10.5 years. Producing the images took 20 million core hours of processing through direction-independent and direction-dependent calibration pipelines that correct for instrumental effects as well as spatially and temporally varying ionospheric distortions. In our 120–168 MHz continuum mosaic images with an angular resolution of 6⁰⁰ (9⁰⁰ below declination 10^◦) we catalogue 13 667 877 sources, formed from 16 943 656 Gaussian components. The scatter in the astrometric precision approximately follows the expected noise-like behaviour but with an additional systematic component of at least 0.24⁰⁰ that is likely due to calibration imperfections. The random flux density scale error is 6%, while the systematic offset was previously shown to be within 2%. The median sensitivity of our mosaics is 92 µJy beam⁻¹, improving to 68 µJy beam⁻¹ at high observing elevations, but degrading to 183 µJy beam⁻¹ at the celestial equator due to station area projection effects. Completeness simulations, accounting for realistic source models, time- and bandwidth-smearing effects, and astrometric errors, indicate that we detect more than 95% of compact sources with integrated flux densities exceeding 9 times the local root mean square (RMS) noise. However, the recovered source counts in a particular integrated flux density bin do not match the injected counts until flux densities exceed 45 times the local RMS noise. The Euclidean-normalised differential source counts derived from the survey constrain the radio source population over five orders of magnitude and are in good agreement with previous deep and wide-area surveys. All data products are publicly available, including catalogues, individual-field Stokes I, Q, U, and V images, mosaicked Stokes I images, and uv data with associated direction-dependent calibration solutions.

radio continuum: general

surveys

catalogs

instrumentation: interferometers

Författare

T. W. Shimwell

Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)

M. J. Hardcastle

University of Hertfordshire

C. Tasse

Observatoire de Paris

A. Drabent

Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg

A. Botteon

Istituto di Radioastronomia

W. L. Williams

SKA Organisation

P.N. Best

University of Edinburgh

H. Rottgering

Universiteit Leiden

M. Brueggen

Universität Hamburg

G. Brunetti

Istituto di Radioastronomia

J. R. Callingham

Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)

K.T. Chyz̊y

Uniwersytet Jagiellonski w Krakowie

John Conway

Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium

Forskning Andra publikationer

F. De Gasperin

Istituto di Radioastronomia

M. Haverkorn

Radboud Universiteit

Cathy Horellou

Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Astronomi och plasmafysik

Forskning Andra publikationer

N. Jackson

University of Manchester

G. Miley

Universiteit Leiden

L. Morabito

Durham University

R. Morganti

Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)

S. P. O’Sullivan

Universidad Complutense de Madrid

D. J. Schwarz

Universität Bielefeld

D. J.B. Smith

University of Hertfordshire

R. van Weeren

Universiteit Leiden

Harish K. Vedantham

Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)

G. White

The Open University

A. Ahmadi

Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)

L. Alegre

University of Hertfordshire

M. Arias

Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)

B. Asabere

Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)

B. Bahr-Kalus

Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)

B. Barkus

University of Hertfordshire

M. Bilicki

Polish Academy of Sciences

L. Böhme

Universität Bielefeld

M. Brentjens

Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)

M. Brienza

Istituto di Radioastronomia

D. Bomans

Ruhr-Universität Bochum

A. Bonafede

Istituto di Radioastronomia

M. Bonato

Istituto di Radioastronomia

E. Bonnassieux

Université de Bordeaux

J.M. Boxelaar

Istituto di Radioastronomia

S. Camera

Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)

R. Cassano

Istituto di Radioastronomia

J. Chilufya

University of Hertfordshire

M. Cianfaglione

Istituto di Radioastronomia

J. H. Croston

The Open University

V. Cuciti

Istituto di Radioastronomia

P. Dabhade

Narodowe Centrum Badan Jadrowych

E. De Rubeis

Istituto di Radioastronomia

J.M.G.H.J. de Jong

Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)

D. Dallacasa

Istituto di Radioastronomia

R. -J. Dettmar

Ruhr-Universität Bochum

K. Duncan

University of Edinburgh

G. Di Gennaro

Istituto di Radioastronomia

H.W. Edler

Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)

C. Groeneveld

Istituto di Radioastronomia

G. Gurkan

University of Hertfordshire

M. Hajduk

University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

C. Hale

University of Edinburgh

V. Heesen

Universität Hamburg

D. N. Hoang

Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg

M. Hoeft

Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg

H. Holties

Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)

M.A. Horton

University of Cambridge

M. Iacobelli

Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)

M. Jamrozy

Uniwersytet Jagiellonski w Krakowie

M.J. Jarvis

University of Oxford

V. Jelić

Ruder Boskovic Institute

M. Kadler

Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg

R. Kondapally

Durham University

M. Kunert-Bajraszewska

Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika

M. Loose

Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)

M. Magliocchetti

Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)

K. Malek

Narodowe Centrum Badan Jadrowych

C. Manzano

Forschungszentrum Jülich

J. McKean

Rijksuniversiteit Groningen

M. Mevius

Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)

B. Mingo

University of Hertfordshire

A. Miskolczi

Forschungszentrum Jülich

A. Misra

Uniwersytet Jagiellonski w Krakowie

J. Moldon

Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)

Dhanya G. Nair

Universidad de Concepción

S.J. Nakoneczny

Polish Academy of Sciences

E. Orrú

Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)

M. Pashapour-Ahmadabadi

Universität Bielefeld

T. Pasini

Istituto di Radioastronomia

J. Petley

Universiteit Leiden

J.C.S. Pierce

University of Hertfordshire

I. Prandoni

Istituto di Radioastronomia

D. Rafferty

Universität Hamburg

K. Rajpurohit

Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

C. J. Riseley

Ruhr-Universität Bochum

I.D. Roberts

University of Waterloo

S. Sethi

Uniwersytet Jagiellonski w Krakowie

A. Shulevski

Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)

M. Stein

Ruhr-Universität Bochum

C. Stuardi

Istituto di Radioastronomia

F. Sweijen

Durham University

S. ter Veen

Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)

R. Timmerman

Durham University

M. Vaccari

Istituto di Radioastronomia

S. J. Wijnholds

Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)

Astronomy and Astrophysics

0004-6361 (ISSN) 1432-0746 (eISSN)

Vol. 707 A198

Ämneskategorier (SSIF 2025)

Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi

DOI

10.1051/0004-6361/202557749

Publikationsdata kopplat till DOI

Mer information

Senast uppdaterat

2026-03-19

The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: VII. Third Data Release Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2026

Författare

T. W. Shimwell

M. J. Hardcastle

C. Tasse

A. Drabent

A. Botteon

W. L. Williams

P.N. Best

H. Rottgering

M. Brueggen

G. Brunetti

J. R. Callingham

K.T. Chyz̊y

John Conway

F. De Gasperin

M. Haverkorn

Cathy Horellou

N. Jackson

G. Miley

L. Morabito

R. Morganti

S. P. O’Sullivan

D. J. Schwarz

D. J.B. Smith

R. van Weeren

Harish K. Vedantham

G. White

A. Ahmadi

L. Alegre

M. Arias

B. Asabere

B. Bahr-Kalus

B. Barkus

M. Bilicki

L. Böhme

M. Brentjens

M. Brienza

D. Bomans

A. Bonafede

M. Bonato

E. Bonnassieux

J.M. Boxelaar

S. Camera

R. Cassano

J. Chilufya

M. Cianfaglione

J. H. Croston

V. Cuciti

P. Dabhade

E. De Rubeis

J.M.G.H.J. de Jong

D. Dallacasa

R. -J. Dettmar

K. Duncan

G. Di Gennaro

H.W. Edler

C. Groeneveld

G. Gurkan

M. Hajduk

C. Hale

V. Heesen

D. N. Hoang

M. Hoeft

H. Holties

M.A. Horton

M. Iacobelli

M. Jamrozy

M.J. Jarvis

V. Jelić

M. Kadler

R. Kondapally

M. Kunert-Bajraszewska

M. Loose

M. Magliocchetti

K. Malek

C. Manzano

J. McKean

M. Mevius

B. Mingo

The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: VII. Third Data Release
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2026