Giant Outer Transiting Exoplanet Mass (GOT'EM) survey VII. TOI-6041: A multi-planet system including a warm Neptune exhibiting strong transit-timing variations
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2026
We present the characterisation of the TOI-6041 system, a bright (V = 9.84 +/- 0.03) G7-type star hosting at least two planets. The inner planet, TOI-6041 b, is a warm Neptune with a radius of 4.55(-0.17)(+0.18)R(circle plus), initially identified as a single-transit event in TESS photometry. Subsequent observations with TESS and CHEOPS revealed additional transits, enabling the determination of its 26.04945(-0.00034)(+0.00033) orbital period and the detection of significant transit-timing variations (TTVs), exhibiting a peak-to-peak amplitude of about 1 hour. Radial-velocity (RV) measurements obtained with the APF spectrographs allowed us to place a 3 sigma upper mass limit of 28.9 M-circle plus on TOI-6041 b. In addition, the RV data reveal a second companion, TOI-6041 c, on an 88 d orbit, with a minimum mass of 0.25 M-Jup. A preliminary TTV analysis suggested that the observed variations could be caused by gravitational perturbations from planet c; however, reproducing the observed amplitudes requires a relatively high eccentricity of about 0.3 for that planet. Our dynamical stability analysis indicates that such a configuration is dynamically viable and places a 1 sigma upper limit on the mass of TOI-6041 c at 0.8 M-Jup. An alternative is the presence of a third, low-mass planet located between planets b and c, or on an inner orbit relative to planet b - particularly near a mean-motion resonance with planet b - which could account for the observed variations. These findings remain tentative, and further RV and photometric observations are essential in to better constrain the mass of planet b and to refine the TTV modeling, thereby improving our understanding of the system's dynamical architecture.
planets and satellites: detection
planets and satellites: dynamical evolution and stability
Författare
N. Heidari
Inst Astrophys Paris
Sorbonne Université
A. Alnajjarine
Sorbonne Université
H. P. Osborn
Universität Bern
Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH)
D. Dragomir
University of New Mexico
P. Dalba
University of California
W. Benz
Universität Bern
G. Hebrard
Inst Astrophys Paris
Aix-Marseille Université
Sorbonne Université
J. Laskar
Sorbonne Université
N. Billot
Université de Genève
M. N. Gunther
Europeiska rymdorganisationen (ESA)
T. G. Wilson
The University of Warwick
Y. Alibert
Universität Bern
A. Bonfanti
Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften
A. Bieryla
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
C. Broeg
Universität Bern
A. C. M. Correia
Universidade de Coimbra
J. A. Egger
Universität Bern
Z. Essack
University of New Mexico
E. Furlan
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
D. Gandolfi
Universita degli Studi di Torino
N. Grieves
Université de Genève
S. Howell
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
D. LaCourse
Amateur Astronomer, 7507 52nd Pl NE
C. Pezzotti
Universite de Liège
T. Pritchard
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
S. G. Sousa
Universidade do Porto
S. Ulmer-Moll
Universiteit Leiden
Universite de Liège
S. Villanueva
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
R. Alonso
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
Universidad de la Laguna
J. Asquier
Europeiska rymdorganisationen (ESA)
T. Barczy
Admatis
D. Barrado
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
S. C. C. Barros
Universidade do Porto
W. Baumjohann
Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften
L. Borsato
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
A. Brandeker
Stockholms universitet
M. Buder
Deutsches Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)
A. Collier Cameron
University of St Andrews
S. Csizmadia
Deutsches Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)
P. E. Cubillos
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften
M. B. Davies
Lunds universitet
M. Deleuil
Aix-Marseille Université
X. Delfosse
Université Grenoble Alpes
A. Deline
Université de Genève
O. D. S. Demangeon
Universidade do Porto
B. Demory
Universität Bern
A. Derekas
Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)
B. Edwards
Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON)
D. Ehrenreich
Université de Genève
A. Erikson
Deutsches Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)
A. Fortier
Universität Bern
L. Fossati
Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften
Malcolm Fridlund
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Astronomi och plasmafysik
K. Gazeas
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
M. Gillon
Universite de Liège
M. Gudel
Universität Wien
J. Hasiba
Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften
A. Heitzmann
Université de Genève
C. Helling
Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften
Technische Universität Graz
J. M. Jenkins
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
T. Keller
Universität Bern
S. R. Kane
University of California
K. G. Stassun
Vanderbilt University
L. L. Kiss
Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)
Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia
J. Korth
Université de Genève
K. W. F. Lam
Deutsches Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)
D. W. Latham
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
A. Lecavelier des Etangs
Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC)
A. Leleu
Université de Genève
Universität Bern
M. Lendl
Université de Genève
P. F. L. Maxted
Keele University
S. McDermott
Proto Logic LLC, 1718 Euclid St NW
B. Merin
Europeiska rymdorganisationen (ESA)
C. Mordasini
Universität Bern
V. Nascimbeni
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
G. Nowak
Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika
G. Olofsson
Stockholms universitet
I. Pagano
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
E. Palle
Universidad de la Laguna
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
G. Piotto
Università di Padova
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
D. Pollacco
The University of Warwick
D. Queloz
University of Cambridge
Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich (ETH)
R. Ragazzoni
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Università di Padova
H. Rauer
Freie Universität Berlin
Deutsches Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)
I. Ribas
Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya IEEC
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
G. Ricker
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
N. C. Santos
Universidade do Porto
G. Scandariato
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
S. Seager
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
D. Segransan
Université de Genève
A. E. Simon
Universität Bern
A. M. S. Smith
Deutsches Zentrums für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR)
M. Stalport
Universite de Liège
S. Striegel
SETI Institute
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
S. Sulis
Aix-Marseille Université
G. M. Szabo
Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)
S. Udry
Université de Genève
V. Van Grootel
Universite de Liège
R. Vanderspek
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
J. Venturini
Université de Genève
E. Villaver
Universidad de la Laguna
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias
V. Viotto
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
N. A. Walton
University of Cambridge
J. N. Winn
Princeton University
S. Wolf
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Astronomy and Astrophysics
0004-6361 (ISSN) 1432-0746 (eISSN)
Vol. 707 A134Ämneskategorier (SSIF 2025)
Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi
DOI
10.1051/0004-6361/202556700