Ring Asymmetry and Spin in M87*
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2026
Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) images of the supermassive black hole M87* depict an asymmetric ring of emission. General relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) models of M87* and its accretion disk predict that the amplitude and location of the ring’s peak brightness asymmetry should fluctuate due to turbulence in the source plasma. We compare the observed distribution of brightness asymmetry amplitudes to the simulated distribution in GRMHD models, across varying black hole spin a*. We show that, for strongly magnetized (MAD) models, three epochs of EHT data marginally disfavor ∣a*∣ ≲ 0.2. This is consistent with the Blandford-Znajek model for M87’s jet, which predicts that M87* should have nonzero spin. We show quantitatively how future observations could improve spin constraints and discuss how improved spin constraints could distinguish between differing jet-launching mechanisms and black hole growth scenarios.
Författare
Vadim Y. Bernshteyn
Grainger College of Engineering
Nicholas S. Conroy
University of Illinois
M. Bauböck
Grainger College of Engineering
Paul Tiede
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Abhishek V. Joshi
Grainger College of Engineering
Ben Prather
Grainger College of Engineering
Charles F. Gammie
Grainger College of Engineering
Shuo Zhang
Michigan State University
Kazunori Akiyama
Harvard University
E. Albentosa-Ruiz
Universitat de Valencia
Antxon Alberdi
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Walter Alef
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Juan-Carlos Algaba
University of Malaya
Richard Anantua
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
K. Asada
Academia Sinica
R. Azulay
Universitat de Valencia
A. K. Baczko
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
David Ball
University of Arizona
Bidisha Bandyopadhyay
Universidad de Concepción
John Barrett
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Bradford A. Benson
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Dan Bintley
East Asian Observatory
Lindy Blackburn
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
R. Blundell
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
K. L. Bouman
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
G. C. Bower
East Asian Observatory
M. Bremer
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Roger Brissenden
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Silke Britzen
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Avery E. Broderick
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
D. Broguière
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Thomas Bronzwaer
Radboud Universiteit
Sandra Bustamente
University of Massachusetts
Douglas Ferreira Carlos
Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP)
J. E. Carlstrom
University of Chicago
A. Chael
Princeton University
Chi Kwan Chan
University of Arizona
Dominic O. Chang
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Koushik Chatterjee
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Ming Tang Chen
Academia Sinica
Yongjun Chen
Chinese Academy of Sciences
X. P. Cheng
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Paul Chichura
University of Chicago
I. Cho
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
John Conway
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium
Thomas M. Crawford
University of Chicago
G. Crew
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Alejandro Cruz-Osorio
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Yuzhu Cui
Huazhong Normal University
Brandon Curd
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Rohan Dahale
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Jordy Davelaar
Princeton University
Mariafelicia De Laurentis
Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
R. P. Deane
University of Witwatersrand
Jason Dexter
JILA
Vedant Dhruv
Grainger College of Engineering
Indu K. Dihingia
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
S. Doeleman
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Sergio A. Dzib
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Razieh Emami
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
H.D. Falcke
Radboud Universiteit
Joseph R. Farah
Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network
V. Fish
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
E. Fomalont
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
H.D. Falcke
University of Arizona
Marianna Foschi
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
R. Fraga-Encinas
Radboud Universiteit
William T. Freeman
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
P. Friberg
East Asian Observatory
Christian M. Fromm
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Antonio Fuentes
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Peter Galison
Harvard University
Roberto Garcia
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Olivier Gentaz
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Boris Georgiev
University of Arizona
C. Goddi
Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP)
R. Gold
Universität Heidelberg
Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz
Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrońica
J. L. Gomez
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Minfeng Gu
Chinese Academy of Sciences
M. Gurwell
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
K. Hada
University of Tokyo
Daryl Haggard
McGill University
R. Hesper
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Dirk Heumann
University of Arizona
Luis C. Ho
Beijing University of Technology
P. T. P. Ho
Academia Sinica
Mareki Honma
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Chih Wei L. Huang
Academia Sinica
Lei Huang
Chinese Academy of Sciences
D. Hughes
Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrońica
Shiro Ikeda
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
C. M. V. Impellizzeri
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Makoto Inoue
Academia Sinica
S. Issaoun
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
David J. James
ASTRAVEO
Buell T. Jannuzi
University of Arizona
Michael Janssen
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Britton Jeter
Turun Yliopisto
Wu Jiang
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Alejandra Jimenez-Rosales
Radboud Universiteit
Michael D. Johnson
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
S.G. Jorstad
Boston University
Adam C. Jones
University of Chicago
Taehyun Jung
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Tomohisa Kawashima
Ichinoseki College
G. Keating
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
M. M. Kettenis
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
Dong-Jin Kim
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)
Jae-Young Kim
Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
Jongsoo Kim
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Junhan Kim
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
M. Kino
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Jun Yi Koay
Academia Sinica
Prashant Kocherlakota
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Yutaro Kofuji
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Patrick M. Koch
Academia Sinica
Shoko Koyama
Academia Sinica
C. Kramer
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Joana A. Kramer
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
M. Kramer
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
T.P. Krichbaum
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Greg Lindahl
Academia Sinica
Michael Lindqvist
Radboud Universiteit
Deokhyeong Lee
Kyungpook National University
Sang Sung Lee
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Aviad Levis
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Shaoliang Li
East Asian Observatory
Zhiyuan Li
Nanjing University
R. Lico
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Greg Lindahl
Common Crawl Foundation
Michael Lindqvist
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium
Mikhail Lisakov
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
Jun Liu
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Kuo Liu
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Elisabetta Liuzzo
Istituto di Radioastronomia
Wen-Ping Lo
Academia Sinica
A. P. Lobanov
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
L. Loinard
Harvard University
Colin Lonsdale
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Amy E. Lowitz
University of Arizona
R.S. Lu
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
N. R. Macdonald
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jirong Mao
Yunnan Observatories
Nicola Marchili
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
S. Markoff
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy
D. P. Marrone
University of Arizona
A. Marscher
Boston University
Ivan Marti-Vidal
Universitat de Valencia
S. Matsushita
Academia Sinica
Lynn D. Matthews
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Lia Medeiros
University of Wisconsin
K. Menten
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
H. Messias
Atacama Large Millimeter-submillimeter Array (ALMA)
Izumi Mizuno
East Asian Observatory
Yosuke Mizuno
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Joshua Montgomery
University of Chicago
Kotaro Moriyama
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
M. Mościbrodzka
Radboud Universiteit
Wanga Mulaudzi
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy
C. Müller
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Hendrik Müller
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
A. Mus
Universita degli Studi di Cagliari
Gibwa Musoke
Radboud Universiteit
I. Myserlis
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
H. Nagai
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
N. M. Nagar
Universidad de Concepción
Dhanya G. Nair
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Masanori Nakamura
Academia Sinica
Gopal Narayanan
University of Massachusetts
Iniyan Natarajan
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Antonios Nathanail
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
S. Navarro Fuentes
Hachinohe College
Joseph Neilsen
Villanova University
Chunchong Ni
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Michael A. Nowak
Washington University in St. Louis
Hiroki Okino
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Héctor Olivares
Centre For Research And Development In Mathematics And Applications (CIDMA)
Feryal Özel
Georgia Institute of Technology
Daniel C.M. Palumbo
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Georgios Filippos Paraschos
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jongho Park
Academia Sinica
Harriet Parsons
East Asian Observatory
N. Patel
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
U. L. Pen
Academia Sinica
Dominic W. Pesce
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Vincent Piétu
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Alexander V. Plavin
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Aleksandar PopStefanija
University of Massachusetts
Oliver Porth
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
G. Principe
Istituto di Radioastronomia
Dimitrios Psaltis
Georgia Institute of Technology
Hung-Yi Pu
Academia Sinica
Alexandra S. Rahlin
University of Chicago
Venkatessh Ramakrishnan
Turun Yliopisto
R. Rao
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
M.G. Rawlings
East Asian Observatory
Luciano Rezzolla
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Angelo Ricarte
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
L. Ricci
Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg
Bart Ripperda
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
J. Röder
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Freek Roelofs
Radboud Universiteit
C. Romero-Cañizales
Academia Sinica
Eduardo Ros
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Arash Roshanineshat
University of Arizona
H. Rottmann
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
A. Roy
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Ignacio Ruiz
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
C. Ruszczyk
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Kazi L.J. Rygl
Istituto di Radioastronomia
León David Sosapanta Salas
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy
S. Sanchez
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
David Sánchez-Arguelles
Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrońica
M. Sánchez Portal
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Mahito Sasada
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Kaushik Satapathy
University of Arizona
Saurabh
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
T. Savolainen
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
K. Schuster
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Zhi Qiang Shen
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Sasikumar Silpa
Universidad de Concepción
Randall Smith
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
B. W. Sohn
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
J. SooHoo
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Kamal Souccar
University of Massachusetts
Joshua S. Stanway
University of Central Lancashire
He Sun
Beijing University of Technology
Alexandra J. Tetarenko
University of Lethbridge
R. P. J. Tilanus
University of Arizona
M. Titus
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Kenji Toma
Tohoku University
Pablo Torne
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Teresa Toscano
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
E. Traianou
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
S. Trippe
Seoul National University
Matthew Turk
University of Illinois
I. van Bemmel
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
H. J. van Langevelde
Universiteit Leiden
Daniel R. van Rossum
Radboud Universiteit
S. von Fellenberg
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jesse Vos
Departement Wiskunde
Jan Wagner
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
D. Ward-Thompson
University of Central Lancashire
John Wardle
Brandeis University
Jasmin E. Washington
University of Arizona
J. Weintroub
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
M. Wielgus
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
K. Wiik
Turun Yliopisto
Michael F. Wondrak
Radboud Universiteit
George N. Wong
Princeton University
Jompoj Wongphexhauxsorn
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Qingwen Wu
Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Paul Yamaguchi
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Aristomenis Yfantis
Radboud Universiteit
Doosoo Yoon
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy
A. Young
Radboud Universiteit
Ziri Younsi
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Wei Yu
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Feng Yuan
Fudan University
Ye-Fei Yuan
University of Science and Technology of China
Ai Ling Zeng
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
A.J. Zensus
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
G. Y. Zhao
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Astrophysical Journal
0004-637X (ISSN) 1538-4357 (eISSN)
Vol. 1000 2 231Ämneskategorier (SSIF 2025)
Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi
Meteorologi och atmosfärsvetenskap
DOI
10.3847/1538-4357/ae34af