Locating the missing large-scale emission in the jet of M87*with short EHT baselines
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2026
In very-long baseline interferometric arrays, nearly co-located stations probe the largest scales and typically cannot resolve the observed source. In the absence of a large-scale structure, closure phases constructed with these stations are zero and, since they are independent of station-based errors, they can be used to probe data issues. Here, we show how these trivial closure phases become nonzero with a brightness distribution on smaller scales than their short baseline would suggest. When applied to sources that are made up of a bright compact and large-scale diffuse component, the trivial closure phases directly measure the centroid relative to the compact source and higher-order image moments. We present a technique to measure these image moments with minimal model assumptions and validate it on synthetic Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) data. We then apply this technique to 2017 and 2018 EHT observations of M87* and find a weak preference for extended emission in the direction of the large-scale jet. We also apply it to 2021 EHT data and measure the source centroid about 1 mas northwest of the compact ring, which is consistent with the jet observed at lower frequencies.
galaxies: individual: M87*
techniques: interferometric
galaxies: jets
black hole physics
galaxies: active
Författare
Boris Georgiev
University of Arizona
Paul Tiede
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Harvard University
Sebastiano D. von Fellenberg
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
University of Toronto
Michael Janssen
Radboud Universiteit
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Iniyan Natarajan
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Harvard University
Lindy Blackburn
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Jongho Park
Academia Sinica
Kyung Hee University
Erandi Chavez
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Andrew T. West
University of Arizona
Kotaro Moriyama
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Jun Yi Koay
Academia Sinica
Niigata University
Hendrik Mueller
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Dhanya G. Nair
Universidad de Concepción
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Avery E. Broderick
University of Waterloo
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Maciek Wielgus
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Kazunori Akiyama
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Harvard University
Ezequiel Albentosa-Ruiz
Universitat de Valencia
Antxon Alberdi
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Walter Alef
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Juan Carlos Algaba
University of Malaya
Richard Anantua
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
University of Texas
Rice University
Harvard University
Keiichi Asada
Academia Sinica
Rebecca Azulay
Universitat de Valencia
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Uwe Bach
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Anne-Kathrin Baczko
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Astronomi och plasmafysik
David Ball
University of Arizona
Mislav Balokovic
Yale University
Bidisha Bandyopadhyay
Universidad de Concepción
John Barrett
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Michi Baubock
University of Illinois
Bradford A. Benson
University of Chicago
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Dan Bintley
East Asian Observatory
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
Raymond Blundell
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Katherine L. Bouman
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Geoffrey C. Bower
Academia Sinica
University of Hawaii
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
East Asian Observatory
Michael Bremer
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Roger Brissenden
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Silke Britzen
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Dominique Broguiere
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Thomas Bronzwaer
Radboud Universiteit
Sandra Bustamante
University of Massachusetts
Douglas F. Carlos
Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP)
John E. Carlstrom
University of Chicago
Andrew Chael
Princeton University
Chi-kwan Chan
University of Arizona
Dominic O. Chang
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Koushik Chatterjee
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
University of Maryland
Shami Chatterjee
Cornell University
Ming-Tang Chen
Academia Sinica
Yongjun Chen
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Xiaopeng Cheng
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Paul Chichura
University of Chicago
Ilje Cho
Nanjing University
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Yonsei University
Pierre Christian
WattTime
Nicholas S. Conroy
University of Illinois
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
John E. Conway
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium
Thomas M. Crawford
University of Chicago
Geoffrey B. Crew
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Alejandro Cruz-Osorio
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Yuzhu Cui
Central China Normal University
Brandon Curd
University of Texas
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Harvard University
Rohan Dahale
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Jordy Davelaar
Princeton University
Mariafelicia De laurentis
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II
Roger Deane
Universiteit van Pretoria
University of Witwatersrand
Rhodes University
Gregory Desvignes
Université Paris Descartes
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jason Dexter
University of Colorado
Vedant Dhruv
University of Illinois
Indu K. Dihingia
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Sheperd S. Doeleman
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Sergio A. Dzib
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Ralph P. Eatough
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Razieh Emami
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Heino Falcke
Radboud Universiteit
Joseph Farah
Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network
University of California
Vincent L. Fish
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Edward Fomalont
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
H. Alyson Ford
University of Arizona
Marianna Foschi
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Raquel Fraga-Encinas
Radboud Universiteit
William T. Freeman
Google Inc.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Per Friberg
East Asian Observatory
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
Christian M. Fromm
Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Antonio Fuentes
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Peter Galison
Harvard University
Charles F. Gammie
University of Illinois
Roberto Garcia
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Olivier Gentaz
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Ciriaco Goddi
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Universidade de Sao Paulo (USP)
Universita degli Studi di Cagliari
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Roman Gold
Universität Heidelberg
Syddansk Universitet
Arturo I. Gomez-Ruiz
Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrońica
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia Mexico
Jose L. Gomez
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Minfeng Gu
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Mark Gurwell
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Kazuhiro Hada
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Nagoya City University
Daryl Haggard
McGill University
Ronald Hesper
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Dirk Heumann
University of Arizona
Luis C. Ho
Beijing University of Technology
Paul Ho
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
Academia Sinica
East Asian Observatory
Mareki Honma
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)
University of Tokyo
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Chih-Wei L. Huang
Academia Sinica
Lei Huang
Chinese Academy of Sciences
David H. Hughes
Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrońica
Shiro Ikeda
University of Tokyo
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)
The Institute of Statistical Mathematics
C. M. Violette Impellizzeri
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Universiteit Leiden
Makoto Inoue
Academia Sinica
Sara Issaoun
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
David J. James
ASTRAVEO
Applied Materials Incorporated
Buell T. Jannuzi
University of Arizona
Britton Jeter
Turun Yliopisto
Aalto-Yliopisto
Wu Jiang
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Alejandra Jimenez-Rosales
Radboud Universiteit
Michael D. Johnson
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Svetlana Jorstad
Boston University
Adam C. Jones
University of Chicago
Abhishek V. Joshi
University of Illinois
Taehyun Jung
University of Science and Technology (UST)
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Ramesh Karuppusamy
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Garrett K. Keating
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Mark Kettenis
Ichinoseki College
Dong-Jin Kim
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)
Jae-Young Kim
Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)
Jongsoo Kim
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Junhan Kim
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
Motoki Kino
Kogakuin University of Technology and Engineering
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Prashant Kocherlakota
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Yutaro Kofuji
University of Tokyo
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Patrick M. Koch
Academia Sinica
Shoko Koyama
Academia Sinica
Niigata University
Carsten Kramer
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Joana A. Kramer
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
Michael Kramer
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Thomas P. Krichbaum
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Cheng-Yu Kuo
National Sun Yat-Sen University
Academia Sinica
Noemi La Bella
Radboud Universiteit
Deokhyeong Lee
Kyungpook National University
Sang-Sung Lee
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Aviad Levis
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Zhiyuan Li
Nanjing University
Rocco Lico
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Greg Lindahl
Common Crawl Foundation
Michael Lindqvist
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium
Mikhail Lisakov
Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso
Jun Liu
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Kuo Liu
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Elisabetta Liuzzo
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Italian ALMA Regional Centre
Wen-Ping Lo
National Taiwan University
Academia Sinica
Andrei P. Lobanov
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Laurent Loinard
Harvard University
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Colin J. Lonsdale
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Amy E. Lowitz
University of Arizona
Ru-Sen Lu
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Nicholas R. MacDonald
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jirong Mao
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Nicola Marchili
Italian ALMA Regional Centre
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Sera Markoff
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
Daniel P. Marrone
University of Arizona
Alan P. Marscher
Boston University
Ivan Marti-Vidal
Universitat de Valencia
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Academia Sinica
Lynn D. Matthews
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Lia Medeiros
University of Wisconsin Milwaukee
Karl M. Menten
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Izumi Mizuno
East Asian Observatory
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
Yosuke Mizuno
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Joshua Montgomery
McGill University
University of Chicago
James M. Moran
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Monika Moscibrodzka
Radboud Universiteit
Wanga Mulaudzi
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
Cornelia Muller
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Radboud Universiteit
Alejandro Mus
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Universitat de les Illes Balears
Universita degli Studi di Cagliari
Gibwa Musoke
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
Radboud Universiteit
Ioannis Myserlis
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Hiroshi Nagai
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI)
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
University of Tokyo
Neil M. Nagar
Universidad de Concepción
Masanori Nakamura
Academia Sinica
Hachinohe College
Gopal Narayanan
University of Massachusetts
Antonios Nathanail
Academy of Athens
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Santiago Navarro Fuentes
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Joey Neilsen
Villanova University
Chunchong Ni
University of Waterloo
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Michael A. Nowak
Washington University in St. Louis
Junghwan Oh
Ichinoseki College
Hiroki Okino
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
University of Tokyo
Hector Raul Olivares Sanchez
Universidade de Aveiro
Centre For Research And Development In Mathematics And Applications (CIDMA)
Tomoaki Oyama
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Feryal Ozel
Georgia Institute of Technology
Daniel C. M. Palumbo
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Harvard University
Georgios Filippos Paraschos
Turun Yliopisto
Aalto-Yliopisto
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Harriet Parsons
East Asian Observatory
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
Nimesh Patel
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Ue-Li Pen
University of Toronto
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Canadian Institute for Advanced Research
Academia Sinica
Dominic W. Pesce
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Vincent Pietu
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Alexander Plavin
Harvard University
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Aleksandar PopStefanija
University of Massachusetts
Oliver Porth
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Ben Prather
University of Illinois
Giacomo Principe
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Universita degli Studi di Trieste
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Dimitrios Psaltis
Georgia Institute of Technology
Hung-Yi Pu
Academia Sinica
National Taiwan Normal University
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University of Chicago
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Aalto-Yliopisto
Turun Yliopisto
Tampereen Yliopisto
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Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
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East Asian Observatory
Gemini Observatory North
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope
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Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Harvard University
Luca Ricci
Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg
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University of Toronto
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Jan Roder
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Freek Roelofs
Radboud Universiteit
Cristina Romero-Canizales
Academia Sinica
Eduardo Ros
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Arash Roshanineshat
University of Arizona
Helge Rottmann
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Alan L. Roy
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Ignacio Ruiz
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Chet Ruszczyk
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Kazi L. J. Rygl
Italian ALMA Regional Centre
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
Leon D. S. Salas
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
Salvador Sanchez
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
David Sanchez-Arguelles
Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia Mexico
Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrońica
Miguel Sanchez-Portal
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Mahito Sasada
Tokyo Institute of Technology
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Hiroshima University
Kaushik Satapathy
University of Arizona
Saurabh
Turun Yliopisto
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Tuomas Savolainen
Aalto-Yliopisto
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
F. Peter Schloerb
University of Massachusetts
Jonathan Schonfeld
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Karl-Friedrich Schuster
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Lijing Shao
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Beijing University of Technology
Zhiqiang Shen
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Sasikumar Silpa
Universidad de Concepción
Des Small
Ichinoseki College
Randall Smith
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Bong Won Sohn
University of Science and Technology (UST)
Yonsei University
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Jason SooHoo
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Kamal Souccar
University of Massachusetts
Joshua S. Stanway
University of Central Lancashire
He Sun
Beijing University of Technology
Fumie Tazaki
Tokyo Electron Technology Solutions Limited
Alexandra J. Tetarenko
University of Lethbridge
Remo P. J. Tilanus
Universiteit Leiden
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (NWO)
University of Arizona
Radboud Universiteit
Michael Titus
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Kenji Toma
Tohoku University
Pablo Torne
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Teresa Toscano
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Efthalia Traianou
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Tyler Trent
University of Arizona
Sascha Trippe
Seoul National University
Matthew Turk
University of Illinois
Ilse van Bemmel
Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON)
Huib Jan van Langevelde
Ichinoseki College
Universiteit Leiden
University of New Mexico
Daniel R. van Rossum
Radboud Universiteit
Jesse Vos
KU Leuven
Jan Wagner
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Derek Ward-Thompson
University of Central Lancashire
John Wardle
Brandeis University
Jasmin E. Washington
University of Arizona
Jonathan Weintroub
Harvard University
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Robert Wharton
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Kaj Wiik
Turun Yliopisto
Aalto-Yliopisto
Gunther Witzel
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Michael F. Wondrak
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
Radboud Universiteit
George N. Wong
Princeton University
Institute for Advanced Study
Jompoj Wongphexhauxsorn
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Julius-Maximilians Universität Würzburg
Qingwen Wu
Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Nitika Yadlapalli
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Paul Yamaguchi
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Aristomenis Yfantis
Radboud Universiteit
Doosoo Yoon
Universiteit Van Amsterdam
Andre Young
Radboud Universiteit
Ziri Younsi
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
University College London (UCL)
Wei Yu
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Feng Yuan
Fudan University
Ye-Fei Yuan
University of Science and Technology of China
Ai-Ling Zeng
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
J. Anton Zensus
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Shuo Zhang
Michigan State University
Guang-Yao Zhao
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Shan-Shan Zhao
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Astronomy and Astrophysics
0004-6361 (ISSN) 1432-0746 (eISSN)
Vol. 709 A26Ämneskategorier (SSIF 2025)
Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik
Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi
DOI
10.1051/0004-6361/202557013