IXPE observations of the blazar Mrk 501 in 2022: a multiwavelength view
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2026
The blazar Markarian 501 (Mrk 501) was observed on three occasions over a 4-month period between 2022 March and July with the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE). In this paper, we report for the first time on the third IXPE observation, performed between 2022 July 9 and 12, during which IXPE detected a linear polarization degree of (Formula presented) per cent at a polarization angle, measured east of north, of (Formula presented) within the 2 – 8 keV X-ray band. The X-ray polarization angle and degree during this observation are consistent with those obtained during the first two observations. The chromaticity of the polarization across radio, optical, and X-ray bands is likewise consistent with the result from the simultaneous campaigns during the first two observations. Furthermore, we present two types of models to explain the observed spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and energy-resolved polarization: a synchrotron self-Compton model with an anisotropic magnetic field probability distribution in the emitting volume, as well as an energy-stratified shock model. Our results support both the shock scenario as well as support that small levels of magnetic field anisotropy can explain the observed polarization.
polarization
radiation mechanisms: non-thermal
techniques: spectroscopic
BL Lacertae objects: individual: Mrk501
galaxies: active
galaxies: jets
Författare
L. Lisalda
Washington University in St. Louis
E. Gau
Washington University in St. Louis
H. Krawczynski
Washington University in St. Louis
F. Tavecchio
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
I. Liodakis
Turun Yliopisto
A. Gokus
Washington University in St. Louis
N. Rodriguez Cavero
Washington University in St. Louis
Michael A. Nowak
Washington University in St. Louis
M. Negro
Louisiana State University
R. Middei
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
M. Perri
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
Simonetta Puccetti
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
S.G. Jorstad
Boston University
I. Agudo
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
A. Marscher
Boston University
Beatriz Agís-González
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
A.V. Berdyugin
Turun Yliopisto
M. Bernardos
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
D. Blinov
Panepistimio Kritis
G. Bonnoli
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
G.A. Borman
Crimean Astrophysical Observatory
I.G. Bourbah
Panepistimio Kritis
C. Casadio
Panepistimio Kritis
Víctor Casanova
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
A.J. Castro-Tirado
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
E. Fernández-García
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
M. Garcia-Comas
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
T.S. Grishina
Saint Petersburg State University - Spsu
P. Hakala
Turun Yliopisto
T. Hovatta
Turun Yliopisto
Y.D. Hu
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
C. Husillos
Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME)
J. Escudero
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
J. Jormanainen
Turun Yliopisto
F. José Aceituno
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
M. Kagitani
Tohoku University
S. Kiehlmann
Panepistimio Kritis
E. Kontopodis
Panepistimio Kritis
E.N. Kopatskaya
Saint Petersburg State University - Spsu
P.M. Kouch
Turun Yliopisto
V. Kravtsov
Turun Yliopisto
A. Lähteenmäki
Aalto-Yliopisto
E.G. Larionova
Saint Petersburg State University - Spsu
E. Lindfors
Turun Yliopisto
N. Mandarakas
Panepistimio Kritis
A. Marchini
Università degli Studi di Siena
J. R. Masiero
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
D. Mawet
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
W. Max-Moerbeck
Universidad de Chile (UCH)
D.A. Morozova
Saint Petersburg State University - Spsu
I. Myserlis
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
K. Nilsson
Turun Yliopisto
Georgia Virginia Panopoulou
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Astronomi och plasmafysik
T. J. Pearson
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
A. C.S. Readhead
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
R. Reeves
Universidad de Concepción
S. Romanopoulos
Panepistimio Kritis
T. Sakanoi
Tohoku University
Q. Salomé
Turun Yliopisto
S.S. Savchenko
Saint Petersburg State University - Spsu
R. Skalidis
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Alfredo Sota
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
I. Syrjärinne
Aalto-Yliopisto
S. Tinyanont
National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand
M. Tornikoski
Aalto-Yliopisto
Yu V Troitskaya
Saint Petersburg State University - Spsu
I.S. Troitskiy
Saint Petersburg State University - Spsu
A.A. Vasilyev
Saint Petersburg State University - Spsu
A. Vervelaki
Panepistimio Kritis
A.V. Zhovtan
Crimean Astrophysical Observatory
L.A. Antonelli
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
M. Bachetti
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
L. Baldini
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
W.H. Baumgartner
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
R. Bellazzini
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
Stefano Bianchi
Universita degli studi - Roma Tre
S.D. Bongiorno
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
R. Bonino
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
A. Brez
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
N. Bucciantini
Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri
F. Capitanio
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
S. Castellano
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
E. Cavazzuti
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
C. Chen
Universities Space Research Association
S. Ciprini
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
E. Costa
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
A. De Rosa
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
E. Del Monte
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
L. Di Gesu
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
N. Di Lalla
Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
A. Di Marco
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
I. Donnarumma
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
V. Doroshenko
Universität Tübingen
M. Dovčiak
Czech Academy of Sciences
S.R. Ehlert
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
T. Enoto
RIKEN
Y. Evangelista
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
S. Fabiani
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
R. Ferrazzoli
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
J.A. Garcia
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
S. Gunji
Yamagata University
M. Gurwell
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
K. Hayashida
Osaka University
J. Heyl
University of British Columbia (UBC)
W. Iwakiri
Chiba University
P. Kaaret
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
V. Karas
Czech Academy of Sciences
G. Keating
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
F. Kislat
University of New Hampshire
T. Kitaguchi
RIKEN
J.J. Kolodziejczak
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
F. La Monaca
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
L. Latronico
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
S. Maldera
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
A. Manfreda
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
F. Marin
Observatoire Astronomique de Strasbourg
A. Marinucci
Agenzia Spaziale Italiana
H.L. Marshall
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
F. Massaro
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
G. Matt
Universita degli studi - Roma Tre
I. Mitsuishi
Nagoya University
T. Mizuno
Hiroshima University
F. Muleri
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
C. Ng
The University of Hong Kong
S.L. O’Dell
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
N. Omodei
Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
C. Oppedisano
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
A. Papitto
Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
G.G. Pavlov
Pennsylvania State University
A.L. Peirson
Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
M. Pesce-Rollins
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
P. Petrucci
Institut de Planétologie et d’Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG)
M. Pilia
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
A. Possenti
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
J. Poutanen
Turun Yliopisto
B.D. Ramsey
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
J. Rankin
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
R. Rao
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
A. Ratheesh
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
O.J. Roberts
Universities Space Research Association
R.W. Romani
Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
C. Sgrò
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
P. Slane
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
P. Soffitta
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
G. Spandre
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare
D.A. Swartz
Universities Space Research Association
T. Tamagawa
RIKEN
R. Taverna
Università di Padova
Y. Tawara
Nagoya University
A.F. Tennant
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
N.E. Thomas
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
Francesco Tombesi
Universita degli Studi di Roma Tor Vergata
A. Trois
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
S. Tsygankov
Turun Yliopisto
R. Turolla
Università di Padova
J. Vink
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy
M.C. Weisskopf
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)
K. Wu
University College London (UCL)
F. Xie
Istituto nazionale di astrofisica (INAF)
S. Zane
University College London (UCL)
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
00358711 (ISSN) 13652966 (eISSN)
Vol. 549 1 staf1122Ämneskategorier (SSIF 2025)
Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi
DOI
10.1093/mnras/staf1122