The Millimeter/X-Ray Relation in Rapidly Accreting Supermassive Black Holes at z < 0.16
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2026
A tight correlation between nuclear millimeter and X-ray emission has recently been found in nearby (z < 0.01) and low-Eddington ratio (λEdd < 0.1) radio-quiet active galactic nuclei (AGNs), suggesting a common origin in the hot X-ray corona. We test this relation in nine more distant AGNs (z ∼ 0.06–0.16) with higher bolometric luminosities ( (Formula presented) log(Lbol/ergs−1)=45.3 –46.3), Eddington ratios (λEdd = 0.19–0.85), and X-ray bolometric corrections (κ = 29–194), selected from the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) survey. We obtained observations with Swift at 2–10 keV and quasi-simultaneous observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array at 100 GHz with high angular resolution (<0 (Formula presented) .″ 14 arcsec). We find that these high-luminosity AGNs lie above the millimeter/X-ray correlation defined by lower-luminosity sources. A joint fit to both samples yields a second-degree polynomial with an intrinsic scatter of 0.32 dex. Furthermore, the millimeter emission correlates linearly with both the UV disk luminosity and Lbol, with intrinsic scatters of 0.45 and 0.35 dex, respectively. We propose that the deviation from the linear millimeter/X-ray relation arises from a two-component coronal electron population: thermal electrons that produce X-rays, but become less efficient at higher luminosities, and nonthermal electrons that produce millimeter emission and remain tied to Lbol. Additional millimeter emission from outflow-driven shocks may also contribute, though spectral energy distribution modeling and spectral index studies favor a coronal origin.
X-ray active galactic nuclei (2035)
Submillimeter astronomy (1647)
Supermassive black holes (1663)
Active galactic nuclei (16)
Författare
Sophie M. Venselaar
Université de Genève
Universidad Diego Portales
C. Ricci
Universidad Diego Portales
Beijing University of Technology
Université de Genève
Santiago Del Palacio
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Astronomi och plasmafysik
Kriti K. Gupta
Universiteit Gent
Universite de Liège
Leibniz-Gemeinschaft
Chin Shin Chang
Université de Genève
ALMA
Roberto Serafinelli
Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma
Universidad Diego Portales
M. Magno
Texas A&M University
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)
Richard Mushotzky
University of Maryland
E. Shablovinskaya
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Taiki Kawamuro
Osaka University
E. Treister
Universidad de Tarapacá
Jacob S. Elford
Universidad Diego Portales
Susanne Aalto
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Astronomi och plasmafysik
G. Privon
University of Florida
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
University of Virginia
Michael J. Koss
Eureka Scientific
Astrophysical Journal
0004-637X (ISSN) 1538-4357 (eISSN)
Vol. 1005 1 48Ämneskategorier (SSIF 2025)
Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik
Astronomi, astrofysik och kosmologi
DOI
10.3847/1538-4357/ae6da8