Security in a Workflow: Exploring Role-Based Agentic Architectures for Vulnerability Handling

Paper i proceeding, 2027

Secure software engineering in practice is a multi-stage workflow involving vulnerability analysis, remediation, and fix verification. However, current LLM-based software security approaches often focus on isolated tasks such as detection or patch generation, with limited attention to agentic architectures reflecting industrial workflow. This creates a gap between existing LLM-based vulnerability-handling methods and real-world practices. In this paper, we study a role-based agentic workflow for vulnerability analysis and mitigation consisting of Planner, Analyzer, Fixer, and Verifier roles. To explore the effect of static-analysis tool, the analyzer agent was integrated with the CodeQL in one of the workflows. The models used include nemotron-cascade-2:30b, qwen3-coder-next, and gpt-oss:120b. Our evaluation uses 25 real-world C/C++ vulnerabilities. The study reports 44% vulnerability detection accuracy comparable to GPT 5.5 and 19% fix accuracy. We also list implications from this study in context of software security practitioners.