A Universal Power-law Prescription for Variability from Synthetic Images of Black Hole Accretion Flows
Artikel i vetenskaplig tidskrift, 2022
We present a framework for characterizing the spatiotemporal power spectrum of the variability expected from the horizon-scale emission structure around supermassive black holes, and we apply this framework to a library of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic (GRMHD) simulations and associated general relativistic ray-traced images relevant for Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations of Sgr A*. We find that the variability power spectrum is generically a red-noise process in both the temporal and spatial dimensions, with the peak in power occurring on the longest timescales and largest spatial scales. When both the time-averaged source structure and the spatially integrated light-curve variability are removed, the residual power spectrum exhibits a universal broken power-law behavior. On small spatial frequencies, the residual power spectrum rises as the square of the spatial frequency and is proportional to the variance in the centroid of emission. Beyond some peak in variability power, the residual power spectrum falls as that of the time-averaged source structure, which is similar across simulations; this behavior can be naturally explained if the variability arises from a multiplicative random field that has a steeper high-frequency power-law index than that of the time-averaged source structure. We briefly explore the ability of power spectral variability studies to constrain physical parameters relevant for the GRMHD simulations, which can be scaled to provide predictions for black holes in a range of systems in the optically thin regime. We present specific expectations for the behavior of the M87* and Sgr A* accretion flows as observed by the EHT.
Magnetohydrodynamics
VLBI
black holes
Författare
Boris Georgiev
University of Waterloo
Dominic W. Pesce
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Avery E. Broderick
University of Waterloo
George N. Wong
Institute for Advanced Studies
Vedant Dhruv
University of Illinois
M. Wielgus
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Charles F. Gammie
University of Illinois
Chi Kwan Chan
University of Arizona
Koushik Chatterjee
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Razieh Emami
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Yosuke Mizuno
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
R. Gold
Syddansk Universitet
Christian M. Fromm
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Angelo Ricarte
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Doosoo Yoon
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy
Abhishek V. Joshi
University of Illinois
Ben Prather
University of Illinois
Alejandro Cruz-Osorio
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Michael D. Johnson
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Oliver Porth
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Héctor Olivares
Radboud Universiteit
Ziri Younsi
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Luciano Rezzolla
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Jesse Vos
Radboud Universiteit
Richard Qiu
Harvard University
Antonios Nathanail
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Ramesh Narayan
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
A. Chael
Princeton University
Richard Anantua
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
M. Mościbrodzka
Radboud Universiteit
Kazunori Akiyama
Harvard University
Antxon Alberdi
Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA)
Walter Alef
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Juan-Carlos Algaba
University of Malaya
K. Asada
Academia Sinica
R. Azulay
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
U. Bach
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
A. K. Baczko
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
David Ball
University of Arizona
Mislav Baloković
Yale University
John Barrett
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
M. Bauböck
University of Illinois
Bradford A. Benson
Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
Dan Bintley
East Asian Observatory
Lindy Blackburn
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
R. Blundell
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
K. L. Bouman
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
G. C. Bower
Academia Sinica
Hope Boyce
McGill University
M. Bremer
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
C. D. Brinkerink
Radboud Universiteit
Roger Brissenden
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Silke Britzen
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
D. Broguière
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Thomas Bronzwaer
Radboud Universiteit
Sandra Bustamante
University of Massachusetts
Do Young Byun
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
J. E. Carlstrom
University of Chicago
Chiara Ceccobello
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Astronomi och plasmafysik
S. Chatterjee
Cornell University
Ming Tang Chen
Academia Sinica
Yongjun Chen
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
Xiaopeng Cheng
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
I. Cho
Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA)
Pierre Christian
Fairfield University
Nicholas S. Conroy
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
John Conway
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium
James M. Cordes
Cornell University
Thomas M. Crawford
University of Chicago
G. Crew
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Yuzhu Cui
Shanghai Jiao Tong University
Jordy Davelaar
Radboud Universiteit
Mariafelicia De Laurentis
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
R. P. Deane
University of Witwatersrand
Jessica Dempsey
East Asian Observatory
Gregory Desvignes
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jason Dexter
University of Colorado at Boulder
S. Doeleman
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Sean Dougal
University of Arizona
Sergio A. Dzib
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Ralph P. Eatough
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
H.D. Falcke
Radboud Universiteit
Joseph R. Farah
Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network
V. Fish
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
E. Fomalont
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
H. Alyson Ford
University of Arizona
R. Fraga-Encinas
Radboud Universiteit
William T. Freeman
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
P. Friberg
East Asian Observatory
Antonio Fuentes
Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA)
Peter Galison
Harvard University
Roberto Garcia
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Olivier Gentaz
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
C. Goddi
Universita degli Studi di Cagliari
Arturo I. Gómez-Ruiz
Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrońica
J. L. Gomez
Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA)
Minfeng Gu
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
M. Gurwell
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
K. Hada
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Daryl Haggard
McGill University
Kari Haworth
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Michael H. Hecht
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
R. Hesper
Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Dirk Heumann
University of Arizona
Luis C. Ho
Beijing University of Technology
Paul Ho
Academia Sinica
M. Honma
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Chih Wei L. Huang
Academia Sinica
Lei Huang
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
D. Hughes
Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrońica
Shiro Ikeda
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
C. M. V. Impellizzeri
National Radio Astronomy Observatory
Makoto Inoue
Academia Sinica
S. Issaoun
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
David J. James
ASTRAVEO
Buell T. Jannuzi
University of Arizona
Michael Janssen
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Britton Jeter
Academia Sinica
Wu Jiang
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
Alejandra Jimenez-Rosales
Radboud Universiteit
S.G. Jorstad
Boston University
Taehyun Jung
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Mansour Karami
University of Waterloo
R. Karuppusamy
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Tomohisa Kawashima
University of Tokyo
G. Keating
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
M. M. Kettenis
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
Dong-Jin Kim
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jae-Young Kim
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jongsoo Kim
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Junhan Kim
University of Arizona
M. Kino
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Jun Yi Koay
Academia Sinica
Prashant Kocherlakota
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
Yutaro Kofuji
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Patrick M. Koch
Academia Sinica
Shoko Koyama
Academia Sinica
C. Kramer
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
M.A. Kramer
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
T.P. Krichbaum
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Cheng-Yu Kuo
Academia Sinica
Noemi La Bella
Radboud Universiteit
Tod R. Lauer
National Optical Astronomy Observatory
Daeyoung Lee
University of Illinois
Sang Sung Lee
Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute
Luis Lehner
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Po Kin Leung
Chinese University of Hong Kong
Aviad Levis
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Zhiyuan Li
Nanjing University
R. Lico
Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA)
Greg Lindahl
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Michael Lindqvist
Chalmers, Rymd-, geo- och miljövetenskap, Onsala rymdobservatorium
Mikhail Lisakov
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jun Liu
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Kuo Liu
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Elisabetta Liuzzo
Istituto di Radioastronomia
Wen-Ping Lo
Academia Sinica
A. P. Lobanov
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
L. Loinard
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
Colin Lonsdale
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
R.S. Lu
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jirong Mao
Chinese Academy of Sciences
Nicola Marchili
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
S. Markoff
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy
D. P. Marrone
University of Arizona
A. Marscher
Boston University
Ivan Marti-Vidal
Universitat de Valencia
S. Matsushita
Academia Sinica
Lynn D. Matthews
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
K. Menten
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Daniel Michalik
University of Chicago
Izumi Mizuno
East Asian Observatory
James M. Moran
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Kotaro Moriyama
Johann Wolfgang Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main
C. Müller
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
A. Mus
Universitat de Valencia
Gibwa Musoke
Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy
I. Myserlis
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Andrew Nadolski
University of Illinois
H. Nagai
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
N. M. Nagar
Universidad de Concepción
Masanori Nakamura
Academia Sinica
Gopal Narayanan
University of Massachusetts
Iniyan Natarajan
University of Witwatersrand
Santiago Navarro Fuentes
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Joseph Neilsen
Villanova University
R. Neri
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Chunchong Ni
University of Waterloo
A. Noutsos
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Michael A. Nowak
Washington University in St. Louis
Junghwan Oh
Sejong University
Hiroki Okino
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
G.N. Ortiz-León
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Tomoaki Oyama
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Daniel C.M. Palumbo
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Georgios Filippos Paraschos
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jongho Park
Academia Sinica
Harriet Parsons
East Asian Observatory
N. Patel
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
U. L. Pen
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Vincent Piétu
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Richard L. Plambeck
University of California
Aleksandar PopStefanija
University of Massachusetts
Felix M. Pötzl
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Jorge A. Preciado-López
Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics
Hung-Yi Pu
Academia Sinica
Venkatessh Ramakrishnan
Universidad de Concepción
R. Rao
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
M.G. Rawlings
East Asian Observatory
Alexander W. Raymond
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Bart Ripperda
Flatiron Institute
F. Roelofs
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
A.E.E. Rogers
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Eduardo Ros
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
C. Romero-Cañizales
Academia Sinica
Arash Roshanineshat
University of Arizona
H. Rottmann
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
A. Roy
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Ignacio Ruiz
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
C. Ruszczyk
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Kazi L.J. Rygl
Istituto di Radioastronomia
S. Sanchez
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
David Sánchez-Arguelles
Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrońica
M. Sánchez Portal
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Mahito Sasada
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Kaushik Satapathy
University of Arizona
T. Savolainen
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
F. P. Schloerb
University of Massachusetts
Jonathan Schonfeld
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
K. Schuster
Institut de Radioastronomie Millimétrique (IRAM)
Lijing Shao
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Zhi Qiang Shen
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
Des Small
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
B. W. Sohn
East Asian Observatory
J. SooHoo
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Kamal Souccar
University of Massachusetts
He Sun
California Institute of Technology (Caltech)
Fumie Tazaki
National Astronomical Observatory of Japan
Alexandra J. Tetarenko
NASA Hubble Fellowship Program
Paul Tiede
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
R. P. J. Tilanus
University of Arizona
M. Titus
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)
Pablo Torne
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
E. Traianou
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Tyler Trent
University of Arizona
S. Trippe
Seoul National University
Matthew Turk
University of Illinois
I. van Bemmel
Joint Institute for VLBI in Europe (JIVE)
H. J. van Langevelde
Universiteit Leiden
Daniel R. van Rossum
Radboud Universiteit
Jan Wagner
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
D. Ward-Thompson
University of Central Lancashire
John Wardle
Brandeis University
J. Weintroub
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Norbert Wex
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Robert Wharton
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
K. Wiik
Tuorla Observatory
Gunther Witzel
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Michael F. Wondrak
Radboud Universiteit
Qingwen Wu
Huazhong University of Science and Technology
Paul Yamaguchi
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
A. Young
Radboud Universiteit
K. Young
Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Feng Yuan
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
Ye-Fei Yuan
East Asian Observatory
A.J. Zensus
Max-Planck-Gesellschaft
Shuo Zhang
Bard College
G. Y. Zhao
Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucía (IAA)
Shan-Shan Zhao
Shanghai Astronomical Observatory
Astrophysical Journal Letters
2041-8205 (ISSN) 2041-8213 (eISSN)
Vol. 930 2 L20Ämneskategorier
Havs- och vattendragsteknik
Annan fysik
DOI
10.3847/2041-8213/ac65eb