INVEST-CDR: Financing and policy coordination for CO2 removal markets

Research Project, 2025 – 2030

Technical carbon dioxide removal (CDR) solutions, such as Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) and Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage (DACCS), are likely critical for achieving the climate targets set by the Paris Agreement.
However, achieving large-scale deployment of CDR will require not only technical progress, but also a fundamental transformation of capital flows, investment structures, and financial systems to ensure long-term sustainability. This project addresses these challenges by collaborating with key stakeholders—banks, investors, energy companies, carbon dioxide transport and storage operators, and authorities—to analyse how capital flows and investments can be directed to support the expansion of CDR value chains in the Nordics. Stakeholder insights will support the development of models that link CDR value chains to energy and financial systems and guide the analysis of how market designs and intertemporal policy instruments, such as Extended Emitter Responsibility, can mobilise large-scale, long-term investments. The work combines game-theoretic methods and real options modelling with energy system modelling and co-creation policy workshops. The results will advance the scientific foundation for financing and regulatory frameworks and, through close collaboration with key stakeholders, generate proposals that can be implemented in practice to foster investments and the large-scale deployment of carbon dioxide removal.