Prediction of neck injuries in rear impacts based on accident data and simulations
Paper in proceeding, 1997

Whiplash associated disorders, occurring in car accidents, are an increasing problem worldwide. According to real-life data from police records, the struck car's velocity change (delta V) and occupant gender are two of the most important factors related to Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) 1 neck injuries. In this study, a new rear-impact ranking of cars based on 4432 police reported accidents is presented. The ranking concerns the relative neck injury risk and compensates for the influences of car weight and gender. Moreover, some important factors influencing the risk of AIS 1 neck injury are proposed. These include: the stiffness, damping and yielding characteristics of the seat back, the muscle response of the occupant, and the delta V of the struck car and acceleration pulse. Using a mathematical model it is shown that the influence from these factors can be explained by a recently proposed neck injury criterion (NIC). This criterion is based on the neck motion at the passage of full neck retraction. The NIC, based on a number of volunteer tests, is analysed and validated. The consequence of injury outcome of an observed overall seat back stiffening is also discussed. In conclusion, for delta V below 20 km/h, real-life data show that the geometry of the head restraint is of minor importance. A seat back with low yielding limit or soft performance may be preferable. Moreover, the new NIC seems to be a good predictor of real-life neck injuries.

Author

Maria Krafft

Bertil Aldman

Department of Injury Prevention

Arno Eichberger

Rikard Fredriksson

Yngve Håland

Chalmers, Applied Mechanics

Department of Injury Prevention

Per Lövsund

Chalmers, Applied Mechanics

Department of Injury Prevention

Hermann Steffan

Mats Svensson

Chalmers, Applied Mechanics

Department of Injury Prevention

Claes Tingvall

Chalmers, Applied Mechanics

Department of Injury Prevention

PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1997 INTERNATIONAL IRCOBI CONFERENCE ON THE BIOMECHANICS OF IMPACT

251-264

Areas of Advance

Transport

Life Science Engineering (2010-2018)

Subject Categories

Vehicle Engineering

More information

Created

10/7/2017