Nitrogen flows on organic and conventional dairy farms: a comparison of three indicators
Journal article, 2018

This paper analyzes nitrogen (N) flows on organic and conventional dairy farms in Sweden, and compares three indicators for the N pollution associated with the milk: (1) the farm-gate N surplus, (2) the chain N surplus, and (3) the N footprint. We find that, compared to indicators based on N surplus, the N footprint is a more understandable indicator for the N pollution associated with a product. However, the N footprint is not a replacement for the often-used farm-gate N surplus per unit area, since the two indicators give different information. An uncertainty analysis shows that, despite the large dataset, 1566 conventional and 283 organic farms, there is substantial uncertainty in the indicator values, of which a large part is due to possible bias in estimates of biological N fixation (BNF). Hence, although the best estimate is that conventional milk has 10–20% higher indicator values than organic, it is conceivable that improved estimates of BNF will change that conclusion. All three indicators simplify reality by aggregating N flows over time and space, and of different chemical forms. Thus, they hide many complexities with environmental relevance, which means that they can be misleading for decision-makers. This motivates further research on the relation between N surpluses and N footprints, and actual environmental damages.

uncertainty

dairy

nitrogen

conventional

footprint

balance

Sweden

NUE

indicators

budget

organic

milk

surplus

Author

Rasmus Einarsson

Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Physical Resource Theory

Christel Cederberg

Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Physical Resource Theory

Jonatan Kallus

Chalmers, Mathematical Sciences

University of Gothenburg

Chalmers, Mathematical Sciences, Applied Mathematics and Statistics

Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems

1385-1314 (ISSN) 15730867 (eISSN)

Vol. 110 1 1-14

Driving Forces

Sustainable development

Subject Categories

Environmental Sciences related to Agriculture and Land-use

Agricultural Science

Environmental Sciences

DOI

10.1007/s10705-017-9861-y

More information

Latest update

4/5/2022 6