Functional metagenomics reveals a novel carbapenem-hydrolyzing mobile beta-lactamase from Indian river sediments contaminated with antibiotic production waste
Journal article, 2018

Evolution has provided environmental bacteria with a plethora of genes that give resistance to antibiotic compounds. Under anthropogenic selection pressures, some of these genes are believed to be recruited over time into pathogens by horizontal gene transfer. River sediment polluted with fluoroquinolones and other drugs discharged from bulk drug production in India constitute an environment with unprecedented, long-term antibiotic selection pressures. It is therefore plausible that previously unknown resistance genes have evolved and/or are promoted here. In order to search for novel resistance genes, we therefore analyzed such river sediments by a functional metagenomics approach. DNA fragments providing resistance to different antibiotics in E. coli were sequenced using Sanger and PacBio RSII platforms. We recaptured the majority of known antibiotic resistance genes previously identified by open shot-gun metagenomics sequencing of the same samples. In addition, seven novel resistance gene candidates (six beta-lactamases and one amikacin resistance gene) were identified. Two class A beta-lactamases, blaRSA1 and blaRSA2, were phylogenetically close to clinically important ESBLs like blaGES, blaBEL and blaL2, and were further characterized for their substrate spectra. The blaRSA1 protein, encoded as an integron gene cassette, efficiently hydrolysed penicillins, first generation cephalosporins and cefotaxime, while blaRSA2 was an inducible class A beta-lactamase, capable of hydrolyzing carbapenems albeit with limited efficiency, similar to the L2 beta-lactamase from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. All detected novel genes were associated with plasmid mobilization proteins, integrons, and/or other resistance genes, suggesting a potential for mobility. This study provides insight into a resistome shaped by an exceptionally strong and long-term antibiotic selection pressure. An improved knowledge of mobilized resistance factors in the external environment may make us better prepared for the resistance challenges that we may face in clinics in the future.

Novel resistance gene

Antibiotic pollution

Antibiotic resistance

ESBL

Functional metagenomics

Author

Nachiket Marathe

University of Gothenburg

Anders Janzon

University of Gothenburg

S. Kotsakis

University of Gothenburg

Carl-Fredrik Flach

University of Gothenburg

Seyed Mohammad Razavizadeh

University of Gothenburg

Fanny Berglund

Chalmers, Mathematical Sciences, Applied Mathematics and Statistics

Erik Kristiansson

Chalmers, Mathematical Sciences, Applied Mathematics and Statistics

D. G. Joakim Larsson

University of Gothenburg

Environment International

0160-4120 (ISSN) 1873-6750 (eISSN)

Vol. 112 ! 279-286

Subject Categories

Orthopedics

Environmental Sciences

Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology

DOI

10.1016/j.envint.2017.12.036

More information

Latest update

5/24/2022