ALMA Resolves C i Emission from the β Pictoris Debris Disk
Journal article, 2018

The debris disk around β Pictoris is known to contain gas. Previous ALMA observations revealed a CO belt at ∼85 au with a distinct clump, interpreted as a location of enhanced gas production. Photodissociation converts CO into C and O within ∼50 a. We resolve C i emission at 492 GHz using ALMA and study its spatial distribution. C i shows the same clump as seen for CO. This is surprising, as C is expected to quickly spread in azimuth. We derive a low C mass (between 5 ×10-4and 3.1 ×10-3), indicating that gas production started only recently (within ∼5000 a). No evidence is seen for an atomic accretion disk inward of the CO belt, perhaps because the gas did not yet have time to spread radially. The fact that C and CO share the same asymmetry argues against a previously proposed scenario where the clump is due to an outward-migrating planet trapping planetesimals in a resonance, nor can the observations be explained by an eccentric planetesimal belt secularly forced by a planet. Instead, we suggest that the dust and gas disks should be eccentric. Such a configuration, we further speculate, might be produced by a recent tidal disruption event. Assuming that the disrupted body has had a CO mass fraction of 10%, its total mass would be 3 MMoon.

stars: individual (beta Pictoris)

radiative transfer

techniques: interferometric

methods: observational

circumstellar matter

submillimeter: planetary systems

Author

Gianni Cataldi

Hungarian Academy of Sciences

National Astronomical Observatory of Japan

Stockholm University

AlbaNova University Center

A. Brandeker

AlbaNova University Center

Stockholm University

Y. Wu

University of Toronto

C. H. Chen

Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI)

Johns Hopkins University

W. R. F. Dent

European Southern Observatory Santiago

B. L. D. Vries

AlbaNova University Center

European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESA ESTEC)

Stockholm University

I. Kamp

University of Groningen

René Liseau

Chalmers, Space, Earth and Environment, Onsala Space Observatory

G. Olofsson

AlbaNova University Center

Stockholm University

E. Pantin

Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS)

A. Roberge

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Astrophysical Journal

0004-637X (ISSN) 1538-4357 (eISSN)

Vol. 861 1 72

Subject Categories (SSIF 2011)

Subatomic Physics

Astronomy, Astrophysics and Cosmology

DOI

10.3847/1538-4357/aac5f3

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3/9/2025 1